Analisis Kelayakan Finansial Dalam Desain Agroindustri Berbasis Biji Rosella (Hibiscus sabdariffa L.)

Abstract

Pemanfaatan biji rosella (Hibiscus sabdariffa L.) di Indonesia masih relatif terbatas dan sering kali hanya menjadi limbah pascapanen, padahal penelitian terdahulu menunjukkan bahwa biji rosella mengandung protein, asam lemak esensial, serta senyawa bioaktif yang potensial sebagai bahan pangan fungsional (Mohamed et al. 2017). Studi ini bertujuan untuk merancang agroindustri berbasis biji rosella melalui analisis kelayakan finansial, yang mencakup perhitungan biaya produksi, penentuan harga jual, serta evaluasi indikator Net Present Value (NPV), Internal Rate of Return (IRR), Benefit/Cost Ratio (B/C), Profitability Index (PI), dan Payback Period (PP). Proyek ini dilaksanakan di UG Technopark dengan pendekatan desain keteknikan yang meliputi tahap eksplorasi, pendefinisian masalah, ideasi, pengembangan prototipe, dan validasi. Dua produk dikembangkan sebagai konsep utama, yaitu minuman coffee-like dan snack bite. Berdasarkan kapasitas pasokan biji rosella sebesar ± 3,95 kg/minggu, dilakukan alokasi bahan baku 70% untuk coffee-like dan 30% untuk snack bite. Hasil analisis finansial menunjukkan bahwa kedua produk layak dikembangkan. Nilai NPV masing-masing sebesar Rp 6.185.000 (coffee-like) dan Rp 5.842.000 (snack bite), dengan B/C Ratio sebesar 1,45 dan 1,38. Tingkat pengembalian investasi (IRR) mencapai 42% untuk coffee-like dan 37% untuk snack bite, serta waktu pengembalian modal (payback period) sekitar 5 bulan. Hasil analisis sensitivitas memperlihatkan bahwa usaha tetap menguntungkan selama penurunan harga jual tidak melebihi 10% atau volume produksi tidak turun lebih dari 15%. Selain itu, rancangan Business Model Canvas (BMC) mengarahkan strategi pengembangan pada segmen konsumen muda yang peduli kesehatan, dengan pemanfaatan saluran distribusi melalui smart store, media sosial, dan kegiatan kampus. Secara keseluruhan, hasil kajian ini menegaskan bahwa pemanfaatan biji rosella berpotensi menjadi model agroindustri berkelanjutan yang layak secara finansial, sekaligus mendukung diversifikasi produk pangan lokal dan pengurangan limbah pascapanen.

The utilization of roselle seeds (Hibiscus sabdariffa L.) in Indonesia remains relatively limited and is often treated as post-harvest waste. However, previous studies have reported that roselle seeds contain proteins, essential fatty acids, and bioactive compounds with strong potential as functional food ingredients (Mohamed et al. 2017). This study aims to design a roselle seed–based agroindustry through a financial feasibility analysis that includes the calculation of production costs, determination of selling prices, and evaluation of key financial indicators such as Net Present Value (NPV), Internal Rate of Return (IRR), Benefit/Cost Ratio (B/C), Profitability Index (PI), and Payback Period (PP). The project was conducted at UG Technopark using an engineering design approach consisting of exploration, problem definition, ideation, prototype development, and validation stages. Two main product concepts were developed, namely coffee-like beverages and snack bite. Based on a roselle seed supply capacity of approximately 3.95 kg/week, the raw material allocation was set at 70% for coffee-like products and 30% for snack bite. The financial analysis results indicate that both products are financially feasible for development. The NPV values were Rp 6,185,000 for the coffee-like product and Rp 5,842,000 for the snack bite, with B/C Ratio of 1.45 and 1.38, respectively. The IRR values reached 42% for the coffee-like product and 37% for the snack bite, while the payback period was approximately five months. Sensitivity analysis showed that the business remains profitable as long as the selling price does not decrease by more than 10% or production volume does not fall by more than 15%. Furthermore, the Business Model Canvas (BMC) framework directed the development strategy toward the young, health-conscious consumer segment, utilizing distribution channels such as smart stores, social media, and campus-based activities. Overall, this study demonstrates that roselle seed utilization has strong potential to serve as a sustainable and financially viable agroindustrial model, supporting local food diversification and the reduction of post-harvest waste.