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http://repository.ipb.ac.id/handle/123456789/171530| Title: | Peran Kolostrum Kambing dalam Memodulasi Kadar Imunoglobulin dan Ekspresi Gen Respons Imun pada Mencit |
| Other Titles: | The Role of Goat Colostrum in Modulating Immunoglobulin Levels and Gene Expression of Immune Response in Mice |
| Authors: | Darusman, Huda Shalahudin Taufik, Epi Budiman, Cahyo Pambudi, Ridho |
| Issue Date: | 2025 |
| Publisher: | IPB University |
| Abstract: | Sistem imun berperan penting dalam mempertahankan keseimbangan tubuh terhadap paparan antigen asing seperti alergen, bakteri, dan virus melalui koordinasi antara mekanisme bawaan dan adaptif. Gangguan keseimbangan imun dapat mengakibatkan penurunan fungsi atau hiperaktivasi berlebihan yang merusak jaringan, dengan prevalensi yang terus meningkat di tingkat global. Kondisi ini diburuk oleh meningkatnya resistensi antibiotik, sehingga diperlukan strategi preventif dan terapeutik yang aman, efektif, dan berkelanjutan. Salah satu pendekatan yang potensial adalah pemanfaatan pangan fungsional seperti kolostrum kambing. Kolostrum kambing merupakan pangan fungsional alami yang mengandung berbagai komponen bioaktif seperti imunoglobulin, laktoferin, oligosakarida, sitokin, dan faktor pertumbuhan. Komposisinya yang mirip susu manusia, mudah dicerna, serta memiliki risiko alergenisitas rendah menjadikannya kandidat potensial sebagai imunomodulator. Berbagai penelitian menunjukkan kemampuannya dalam meningkatkan produksi antibodi, menstimulasi sitokin, memperkuat respons imun adaptif, serta memodulasi mikrobiota usus pada individu dengan gangguan imun.
Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis peran kolostrum kambing dalam memodulasi sistem imunitas pada individu yang sehat dengan dosis berbeda dan mekanisme regulasi perubahan kadar immunoglobulin dalam serum darah serta ekspresi gen respons imun yang terbentuk. Penelitian dilakukan secara in vivo menggunakan 20 ekor mencit BALB/c betina yang bebas patogen sebagai model percobaan yang telah mendapatkan persetujuan etik. Pemberian kolostrum kambing pada dosis berbeda diantaranya K1 (0,05 mL/ekor/hari), K2 (0,15 mL/ekor/hari), K3 (0,30 mL/ekor/hari) dan K0 (akuades) selama 21 hari. Bobot badan dan kecernaan mencit diukur setiap minggu selama periode perlakuan. Pengukuran kadar IgG dan IgA dalam serum darah dilakukan menggunakan metode ELISA. Analisis ekspresi gen respons imun IL-2, TLR-2, TNF-a, dan Fc?RI pada jaringan limpa dilakukan dengan metode RT-qPCR. Data dianalisis secara statistik untuk mengetahui efek pemberian kolostrum pada modulasi sistem imun.
Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa pemberian kolostrum kambing berpengaruh pada kondisi fisiologis mencit, ditunjukkan dengan penurunan bobot badan yang lebih ringan pada kelompok perlakuan dibanding kontrol, serta peningkatan tingkat kecernaan yang konsisten pada semua dosis. Selain itu, pengaruh immunomodulasi kolostrum bersifat responsif terhadap variasi dosis. Dosis rendah meningkatkan kadar IgA dan ekspresi gen IL-2, TLR-2, TNF-a, dan Fc?RI, menandakan stimulasi pada respons imun mukosa, adaptif, dan bawaan. Dosis sedang berperan secara optimal dalam meningkatkan IgG dalam serum sebagai imunitas sistemik tubuh. Sebaliknya, dosis tinggi menurunkan biomarka tersebut, mengindikasikan adanya mekanisme imunosupresi yang berperan menjaga keseimbangan imun agar tidak terjadi overstimulasi dan autoimun. Respons imun ini mengindikasikan adanya aktivitas kompleks antara komponen bioaktif kolostrum dengan mikrobiota, sel imun dan reseptor terkait, yang memicu sinyal imunoregulasi pada mencit.
Temuan ini mengindikasikan bahwa kolostrum kambing memiliki potensi sebagai imunomodulator alami yang bekerja melalui peningkatan dan regulasi respon imun sistemik, bawaan, dan adaptif. Pola bifasik dosis-responsif yang teridentifikasi menunjukkan bahwa kolostrum tidak hanya dapat merangsang respons imun, tetapi juga mengatur mekanisme imunoregulator untuk menjaga homeostasis, sehingga aman digunakan pada individu sehat. Potensi ini menjadikan kolostrum kambing sebagai kandidat strategis dalam pengembangan pangan fungsional preventif yang mendukung kesehatan imun secara holistik. The immune system plays an important role in maintaining the body's balance against exposure to foreign antigens such as allergens, bacteria, and viruses through coordination between innate and adaptive mechanisms. Immune imbalance can result in decreased function or excessive hyperactivation that damages tissue, with a continuously increasing prevalence globally. This condition is exacerbated by increasing antibiotic resistance, necessitating safe, effective, and sustainable preventive and therapeutic strategies. One potential approach is the use of functional foods such as goat colostrum. Goat colostrum is a natural functional food containing various bioactive components such as immunoglobulins, lactoferrin, oligosaccharides, cytokines, and growth factors. Similar to human milk, its composition is easily digestible and has a low risk of allergenicity, making it a potential candidate as an immunomodulator. Various studies have shown its ability to increase antibody production, stimulate cytokines, strengthen adaptive immune responses, and modulate gut microbiota in individuals with immune disorders. This study aims to analyzed the role of goat colostrum in modulating the immune system in healthy individuals at different doses and the regulatory mechanisms of changes in immunoglobulin levels in blood serum and the expression of immune response genes. The study was conducted in vivo using 20 female BALB/c mice free of pathogens as experimental models and obtained ethical approval. Goat colostrum was administered at different doses, including K1 (0.05 mL/mouse/day), K2 (0.15 mL/mouse/day), K3 (0.30 mL/mouse/day), and K0 (aquadest) for 21 days. The body weight and digestibility of the mice were measured weekly during the treatment period. The measurement of IgG and IgA levels in blood serum was performed using the ELISA method. The expression of the immune response genes IL-2, TLR-2, TNF-a, and Fc?RI in spleen tissue was analyzed using the RT-qPCR method. The data were statistically analyzed to determine the effect of colostrum administration on immune system modulation. The study's results indicate that the administration of goat colostrum affects the physiological condition of mice, as evidenced by a lower weight loss in the treatment group compared to the control group, as well as a consistent increase in digestibility at all doses. In addition, the immunomodulatory effect of colostrum is responsive to dose variation. Low doses increase IgA levels and the expression of IL-2, TLR-2, TNF-a, and Fc?RI genes, indicating stimulation of the mucosal, adaptive, and innate immune responses. Medium doses are optimal in increasing IgG in serum as systemic immunity in the body. Conversely, high doses decrease these biomarkers, indicating the presence of an immunosuppressive mechanism that maintains immune balance to prevent overstimulation and autoimmunity. This immune response indicates complex interactions between bioactive components of colostrum and microbiota, immune cells, and related receptors, which trigger immunoregulatory signals in mice. These findings indicate that goat colostrum has potential as a natural immunomodulator that works by increasing and regulating the immune responses through systemic, innate, and adaptive pathways. The identified biphasic dose-response pattern shows that colostrum can stimulate immune responses and regulate immunoregulatory mechanisms to maintain homeostasis, making it safe for use in healthy individuals. This potential makes goat colostrum a strategic candidate in developing preventive functional foods that support holistic immune health. |
| URI: | http://repository.ipb.ac.id/handle/123456789/171530 |
| Appears in Collections: | MT - Multidiciplinary Program |
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| cover_P0501231008_4d27842af0854edea9be77e838658929.pdf | Cover | 655.59 kB | Adobe PDF | View/Open |
| fulltext_P0501231008_353b39d893e94600bf45de93c548cd15.pdf Restricted Access | Fulltext | 1.02 MB | Adobe PDF | View/Open |
| lampiran_P0501231008_4d6fc131593e44be92a1d5c1dfa31061.pdf Restricted Access | Lampiran | 708.54 kB | Adobe PDF | View/Open |
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