Perbandingan Metode Biaya Pemeliharaan, Harga Pasar, dan Valuasi Kontingensi dalam Valuasi Ekonomi Julang Emas

Abstract

Perdagangan ilegal burung julang emas (Rhyticeros undulatus) masih marak terjadi hingga saat ini, menyebabkan populasinya semakin menurun. Praktik tersebut juga menyebabkan kerugian besar bagi perekonomian negara, sementara penegakan hukum masih terkendala oleh kurangnya acuan dalam perhitungan nilai ekonomi dan kerugian untuk menentukan sanksi. Penelitian ini bertujuan menduga nilai ekonomi julang emas melalui metode biaya pemeliharaan, harga pasar, valuasi kontingensi, kemudian membandingkan ketiga metode tersebut. Data dikumpulkan melalui penelusuran daring, observasi lapangan, wawancara, dan studi literatur. Nilai ekonomi berdasarkan metode biaya pemeliharaan sebesar Rp2.737.419/ekor menghasilkan nilai terendah, namun mencerminkan kebutuhan konservasi yang sebenarnya. Metode harga pasar sebesar Rp4.318.716/ekor dinilai paling efektif dalam pengumpulan dan analisis data, serta paling efisien dari segi biaya. Metode valuasi kontingensi sebesar Rp13.300.000/ekor memberikan nilai tertinggi, namun berpotensi bias dan membutuhkan biaya yang paling besar. Metode yang paling tepat untuk memperkirakan nilai ekonomi julang emas adalah harga pasar dikombinasikan dengan pendekatan biaya pemeliharaan.

The illegal trade of the wreathed hornbill (Rhyticeros undulatus) remains widespread, causing a continued decline in its population. This activity not only threatens biodiversity but also results in significant economic losses for the country, however law enforcement efforts are hindered by the lack of clear references for calculating the species’ economic value and losses, which are essential for determining proper sanctions. This study aims to estimate the economic value of the wreathed hornbill using captive rearing cost method, market price, and contingent valuation, and to compare their results. Data were collected through online searches, field observations, interviews, and literature reviews. The captive rearing cost method produced the lowest value of IDR 2.737.419/individual but best reflected real conservation needs. The market price method yielded IDR 4.318.716/individual and proved most effective in terms of data collection, analysis, and cost efficiency. The contingent valuation method provided the highest estimate of IDR 13.300.000/individual but carried potential bias and higher costs. The combination of market price and captive rearing cost methods is the most appropriate approach for estimating the economic value of the wreathed hornbill.