Keragaman Fungi Mikoriza di Hutan Dataran Rendah dan Hutan Pantai Pulau Nusakambangan Timur

Abstract

Mikoriza merupakan bentuk simbiosis mutualisme antara fungi dengan akar tanaman. Mikoriza memperoleh karbohidrat dan energi dari tanaman, sedangkan tanaman memperoleh unsur hara dan air dari mikoriza. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk: (1) mengkaji keragaman dan kepadatan spora serta kolonisasi fungi mikoriza arbuskula (FMA) dan ektomikoriza pada hutan dataran rendah dan hutan pantai, (2) menganalisis hubungan dan perbandingan kolonisasi antara FMA dan ektomikoriza. Pengambilan sampel tanah dan akar dilakukan pada 3 plot di setiap ekosistem. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa keragaman genus FMA di hutan dataran rendah lebih tinggi dari hutan pantai. Genus FMA yang ditemukan yaitu Glomus, Acaulospora, Gigaspora, Scutellospora, Sclerocystis, Diversispora, dan Entrophospora, dengan Glomus dan Acaulospora sebagai genus dominan. Kepadatan spora dan tingkat kolonisasi akar FMA lebih tinggi di hutan pantai. Terdapat korelasi positif antara kepadatan spora dan kolonisasi FMA. Kolonisasi FMA lebih dominan dibandingkan ektomikoriza pada kedua ekosistem.

Mycorrhizae are a form of mutualistic symbiosis between fungi and plant roots. The mycorrhizae obtain carbohydrates and energy from the host plants, while the plants benefit from improved nutrient and water uptake facilitated by the mycorrhizae. The objectives of this study were: (1) to assess the diversity and spore density as well as root colonization of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) and ectomycorrhizae in lowland and coastal forests, and (2) to analyze the relationship and comparative extent of colonization between AMF and ectomycorrhizae. Soil and root samples were collected from three plots in each ecosystem. The results indicated that AMF genus diversity was higher in the lowland forest than in coastal forests. The identified AMF genera included Glomus, Acaulospora, Gigaspora, Scutellospora, Sclerocystis, Diversispora, and Entrophospora, with Glomus and Acaulospora being the dominant genera. However, spore density and the level of AMF root colonization were higher in the coastal forest. A positive correlation was observed between spore density and AMF colonization. Overall, AMF colonization was more dominant than ectomycorrhizal colonization.