Analisis Mutu dan Nilai Ekonomi Beras Olahan dengan Teknologi Modern Rice Milling Plant dan Rice-to-Rice

Abstract

Konsumsi beras di Indonesia mengalami peningkatan seiring dengan bertambahnya jumlah penduduk. Hal ini mendorong perkembangan teknologi pengolahan beras untuk menghasilkan beras bermutu tinggi dengan biaya produksi yang ekonomis. Berdasarkan penggunaan bahan baku dan teknologi pengolahan, dalam penggilingan beras skala industri terdapat teknologi Modern Rice Milling Plant yang mengolah gabah dari bentuk GKP menjadi beras dan teknologi Rice-to-Rice yang memproses ulang beras bermutu rendah menjadi beras bermutu tinggi. Penelitian ini dilaksanakan di MRMP dan RTR milik Perum Bulog dengan tujuan menganalisis implikasi kedua teknologi pengolahan beras terhadap mutu dan nilai ekonomi beras olahan yang dihasilkan. Berdasarkan penelitian yang telah dilakukan, MRMP Bulog Karawang menghasilkan beras olahan yang memenuhi syarat mutu premium dengan nilai kadar air sebesar 13,82%, derajat sosoh 100%, dan kadar beras patah 15,22%. Dihasilkan nilai rendemen produksi di MRMP sebesar 55,78% dari input GKP dan 64,39% dari input GKG, serta analisis R/C ratio sebesar 1,003. Hasil penelitian yang dilakukan di RTR menunjukkan beras olahan yang diproduksi telah memenuhi parameter mutu premium dengan nilai kadar air sebesar 13,6%, derajat sosoh 100%, dan kadar beras patah 14,6%. Dihasilkan nilai rendemen produksi di RTR sebesar 89% dari masukan beras asalan, serta analisis R/C ratio sebesar 1,071. Secara keseluruhan, masing-masing teknologi pengolahan memiliki fungsi dan prinsip kerja yang berbeda tergantung pada daerah penerimaan bahan baku, di mana MRMP sebaiknya dibangun di daerah sentra produksi padi agar pemasok dapat langsung menyalurkan gabah ke pabrik, dan RTR dapat dibangun di wilayah selain sentra produksi padi dengan permintaan yang tinggi terhadap kebutuhan beras.

Rice consumption in Indonesia has been increasing along with population growth. This has driven the development of rice processing technologies to optimize rice quality and improve cost efficiency in production. Based on the raw materials used and the processing technology, industrial-scale rice milling can be categorized into Modern Rice Milling Plant (MRMP), which converts dried harvested paddy (GKP) into milled rice, and Rice-to-Rice (RTR) technology, which reprocesses lower-grade rice into higher-quality rice. This study was conducted at MRMP and RTR facilities owned by Perum Bulog with the aim of analyzing the implications of both rice processing technologies on the quality and economic value of the processed rice produced. The results showed that MRMP Bulog Karawang produced rice that met the premium quality standard, with a moisture content of 13.82%, a milling degree of 100%, and a broken rice percentage of 15.22%. The production yield at MRMP were 55.78% from GKP input and 64.39% from dried milled paddy (GKG) input, with an R/C ratio analysis of 1.003. The study conducted at the RTR facility showed that the processed rice produced also met the premium quality parameters, with a moisture content of 13.6%, a milling degree of 100%, and a broken rice percentage of 14.6%. The production yield at RTR were 89% based on low-grade rice input, with an R/C ratio analysis of 1.071. Overall, each processing technology has different functions and principles depending on the raw material supply area, where MRMP is best established in major rice-producing regions to allow direct supply of paddy to the plant, while RTR can be developed in areas outside of rice production centers with high demand for rice.