Interaksi Potensi Antiinflamasi Kombinasi Ekstrak Daun Sambiloto dan Rumput Mutiara secara In Vitro

Abstract

Inflamasi merupakan respon biologis terhadap kerusakan jaringan yang memerlukan penanganan yang efektif, salah satunya ialah dengan menggunakan agen antiinflamasi. Sambiloto dan rumput mutiara dilaporkan mempunyai efek antiinflamasi, namun interaksi antar keduanya jika digunakan bersamaan belum pernah. Penelitian ini bertujuan mengevaluasi potensi antiinflamasi ekstrak tunggal dan kombinasi antiinflamasi infusa daun sambiloto (Andrographis paniculata) dan rumput mutiara (Hedyotis corymbosa) serta interaksi antara keduanya melalui uji denaturasi albumin 2%. Aktivitas antiinflamasi ditetapkan berdasarkan absorbansi albumin 2% sebelum dan sesudah penambahan sediaan uji. Absorbansi sampel diukur dengan spektrofotometer UV-Vis pada panjang gelombang 660 nm. Terdapat lima kelompok kombinasi yang diuji selain ekstrak tunggalsambiloto dan rumput mutiara, yaitu F1 dengan rasio 1:1, F2 rasio 4:1, F3 rasio 1:4, F4 rasio 1:2 dan F5 rasio 2:1. Nilai IC50 dihitung berdasarkan kurva regresi linier, dan interaksi kombinasi dianalisis menggunakan metode Fractional Inhibitory Concentration Index (FICI). Hasil menunjukkan bahwa rumput mutiara memiliki aktivitas antiinflamasi sangat kuat (IC50= 1,29 ppm), sedangkan sambiloto tergolong tidak aktif ( IC50 = 242,20 ppm). Formula kombinasi menunjukkan variasi aktivitas, namun seluruhnya menunjukkan interaksi antagonis (nilai FICI > 4,0). Dengan demikian, kombinasi sambiloto dan rumput mutiara tidak meningkatkan efek antiinflamasi, namun menurunkan aktivitas antiinflamasi ektrak rumput mutiara. Rumput mutiara secara tunggal lebih potensial dikembangkan sebagai kandidat agen antiinflamasi.

Inflammation is a biological response to tissue damage that requires effective management, one of which is through the use of anti-inflammatory agents. Andrographis paniculata (sambiloto) and Hedyotis corymbosa (rumput mutiara) have been reported to possess anti-inflammatory effects; however, their interaction when used in combination has not been previously investigated. This study aimed to evaluate the anti-inflammatory potential of single extracts and combinations of sambiloto leaf infusion and rumput mutiara infusion, as well as their interaction, using a 2% albumin denaturation assay. Anti-inflammatory activity was determined based on the absorbance of 2% albumin before and after the addition of test samples. The absorbance was measured using a UV-Vis spectrophotometer at a wavelength of 660 nm. Five combination formulas were tested in addition to the single extracts, namely F1 with a ratio of 1:1, F2 with 4:1, F3 with 1:4, F4 with 1:2, and F5 with 2:1. The IC50 values were calculated from linear regression curves, and the combination interactions were analyzed using the Fractional Inhibitory Concentration Index (FICI) method. The results showed that rumput mutiara exhibited very strong anti-inflammatory activity ( IC50 = 1,29 ppm), whereas sambiloto was considered inactive (IC50= 242,20 ppm). The combination formulas demonstrated varying levels of effectiveness; however, all exhibited antagonistic interactions (FICI > 4.0). Therefore, combining sambiloto with rumput mutiara did not enhance anti-inflammatory effects but instead reduced the activity of rumput mutiara extract. Rumput mutiara alone is thus more promising for development as a potential anti-inflammatory candidate.