Biokonversi Limbah Pangan Menggunakan Larva Black Soldier Fly (BSF) Menjadi Protein Pakan Ayam Ras Pedaging

Abstract

Indonesia menghasilkan 34,63 juta ton sampah per tahun dengan 39,23% sumbangan limbah pangan. Salah satu strategi untuk mereduksi limbah pangan melalui biokonversi menggunakan larva black soldier fly (BSF). Larva BSF memiliki kandungan protein dan lemak tinggi, sehingga berpotensi dimanfaatkan sebagai produk bernilai ekonomi seperti pakan ayam ras pedaging. Penelitian ini bertujuan menganalisis karakteristik biokonversi, menghasilkan pakan ayam ras pedaging yang sesuai dengan SNI 8173-3-2015, serta menganalisis pertumbuhan ayam ras pedaging. Biokonversi menggunakan larva BSF dapat mereduksi limbah pangan (D) hingga 82%, indeks reduksi (WRI) sebesar 7%/hari, konsumsi harian segar (FMCR) sebesar 37 mg/larva/hari, reduksi bahan kering (DMR) sebesar 58%, serta konsumsi harian bahan kering (DMCR) sebesar 21 mg/larva/hari. Pakan yang diproduksi telah memenuhi SNI 8173-3-2015 kecuali parameter serat kasar. Pertumbuhan ayam pedaging tertinggi diperoleh pakan konvensional, kemudian pakan berbasis BSF, dan terendah pada pakan limbah pangan. Pakan berbasis BSF mampu meningkatkan performa pertumbuhan ayam ras pedaging, meskipun formulasi pakan masih memerlukan optimalisasi lebih lanjut.

Indonesia produces 34.63 million tons of waste per year, with 39.23% contributing to food waste. One strategy to reduce food waste is through bioconversion using black soldier fly (BSF) larvae. BSF larvae have high protein and fat content, so they have the potential to be used as economically valuable products such as broiler feed. This study aims to analyze the characteristics of bioconversion, produce broiler feed that complies with SNI 8173-3-2015, and analyze broiler growth. Bioconversion using BSF larvae can reduce food waste (D) by up to 82%, waste reduction index (WRI) by 7%/day, fresh matter consumption rate (FMCR) by 37 mg/larva/day, dry matter reduction (DMR) by 58%, and DMCR by 21 mg/larva/day. The produced feed has complied with SNI 8173-3-2015 except for crude fiber parameters. The highest broiler growth was achieved with conventional feed, followed by BSF substitute feed, and the lowest with food waste feed. BSF-based feed can improve broiler growth performance, although the feed formulation still requires further optimization.