Potensi Daun Mangrove Kering sebagai Antibakteri dalam Menghambat Pertumbuhan Vibrio cholerae pada Udang Vaname

Abstract

Udang Vaname (Litopenaeus vannamei) merupakan komoditas perikanan unggulan yang rentan terhadap infeksi Vibrio cholerae, bakteri patogen penyebab kematian massal dan kerugian ekonomi. Penggunaan antibiotik sintetis dalam budidaya menimbulkan risiko resistensi dan pencemaran lingkungan, sehingga diperlukan alternatif bahan alami yang aman. Penelitian ini bertujuan menguji potensi serbuk daun mangrove (Rhizophora mucronata) sebagai antibakteri terhadap Vibrio cholerae. Penelitian dilaksanakan dalam dua tahap : (1) identifikasi Vibrio cholerae melalui isolasi pada media selektif TCBS, pewarnaan Gram, dan uji biokimia, serta (2) uji aktivitas antibakteri menggunakan metode Difusi Agar Cakram dengan empat konsentrasi serbuk daun mangrove: 0 (kontrol), 5, 10, dan 15%. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa peningkatan konsentrasi serbuk daun mangrove berbanding terbalik dengan jumlah koloni bakteri. Perlakuan 15% memberikan penurunan koloni yang signifikan dibandingkan kontrol. Analisis sidik ragam (ANOVA) menunjukkan perbedaan signifikan antar perlakuan, sedangkan analisis regresi linier (R=0,993) mengindikasikan hubungan yang sangat kuat antara peningkatan konsentrasi serbuk daun mangrove dan penurunan jumlah koloni Vibrio cholerae.

Vanname shrimp (Litopenaeus vannamei) is a leading fishery commodity that is vulnerable to infection by Vibrio cholerae, a pathogenic bacterium that causes mass mortality and economic losses. The use of synthetic antibiotics in aquaculture poses risks of resistance and environmental pollution, thus a safe alternative natural material is needed. This study aims to test the antibacterial potential of mangrove leaf powder (Rhizophora mucronata) against Vibrio cholerae. The research was conducted in two stages: (1) identification of Vibrio cholerae through isolation on selective TCBS media, Gram staining, and biochemical tests, and (2) test the antibacterial activity using the Disc Diffusion method with four concentrations of mangrove leaf powder: 0 (control), 5, 10, and 15%. The results of this study show that the increase in the concentration of mangrove leaf powder is inversely related to the number of bacterial colonies. The 15% treatment resulted in a significant reduction in colonies compared to the control. Analysis of variance (ANOVA) shows significant differences among treatments, while linear regression analysis (R=0.993) indicates a very strong relationship between the increase in concentration of mangrove leaf powder and the decrease in the number of Vibrio cholerae colonies.