Karakterisasi Pertumbuhan Vegetatif dan Generatif Beberapa Varietas Anggur Tabulampot di Kebun Lapak Bibit Sukahati

Abstract

Anggur (Vitis spp.) merupakan tanaman buah bernilai ekonomi tinggi yang banyak dibudidayakan di Indonesia. Namun, informasi tentang karakter morfologi dan pertumbuhan vegetatif serta generatif beberapa varietas anggur masih terbatas. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengidentifikasi dan melengkapi data karakter pertumbuhan vegetatif dan generatif empat varietas anggur (Everest, Ninel, Baikonur, dan Heliodor) yang ditanam di Kebun Lapak Bibit Sukahati, Sukahati, Bogor. Pengamatan morfologi tanaman dilakukan di lapangan, sedangkan analisis kualitas buah dilakukan di Laboratorium Pascapanen, Departemen Agronomi dan Hortikultura, Fakultas Pertanian IPB University. Penelitian dilaksanakan dari bulan Desember 2023 hingga November 2024. Data kualitatif dan kuantitatif dikumpulkan melalui observasi langsung, kemudian dianalisis secara deskriptif dan diolah menggunakan perangkat lunak Microsoft Office Excel 365. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa keempat varietas anggur memiliki keragaman yang nyata pada karakter vegetatif dan generatif. Baikonur menunjukkan pertumbuhan vegetatif paling kuat, sedangkan Heliodor paling rendah. Keragaman tertinggi pada karakter generatif terdapat pada jumlah buah per tandan dan ukuran buah. Bentuk buah bervariasi antara round, elliptic, oblong, hingga ovate, dengan perbedaan warna kulit berdasarkan RHS Colour Chart. Kandungan vitamin C tertinggi terdapat pada Heliodor (25.7 mg/100g), sedangkan Everest memiliki PTT tertinggi (19,39°Brix).

Grapes (Vitis spp.) are high-value fruit crops widely cultivated in Indonesia. However, information on the morphological characteristics and vegetative and generative growth of several grape varieties remains limited. This study aims to identify and supplement data on the vegetative and generative growth characteristics of four grape varieties (Everest, Ninel, Baikonur, and Heliodor) cultivated at the Sukahati Bibit Garden, Sukahati, Bogor. Morphological observations were conducted in the field, while fruit quality was analyzed at the Postharvest Laboratory, Department of Agronomy and Horticulture, Faculty of Agriculture, IPB University. The research was conducted from December 2023 to November 2024. Qualitative and quantitative data were collected through direct observation and analyzed descriptively using Microsoft Office Excel 365 software. The results showed that the four grape varieties exhibited notable variation in both vegetative and generative characteristics. Baikonur demonstrated the most vigorous vegetative growth, while Heliodor had the lowest. The highest variation in generative traits was observed in the number of berries per cluster and fruit size. Berry shapes varied from round, elliptic, oblong, to ovate, with differences in skin color based on the RHS Colour Chart. Heliodor had the highest vitamin C content (25.7 mg/100g), while Everest recorded the highest total soluble solids (19.39°Brix).