Please use this identifier to cite or link to this item: http://repository.ipb.ac.id/handle/123456789/171126
Title: Jaringan Komunikasi dalam Perkembangan Korporasi Petani (Kasus di Kecamatan Jayakerta, Kabupaten Karawang, Jawa Barat)
Other Titles: Communication Networks in the Development of Farmer Corporations (A Case Study in Jayakerta Sub-district, Karawang Regency, West Java)
Authors: Sumardjo
Lubis, Djuara P.
Syahyuti
Anggreany, Shinta
Issue Date: 2025
Publisher: IPB University
Abstract: Petani kecil di Indonesia menghadapi tantangan besar seperti rendahnya produktivitas, memburuknya kondisi ekonomi, dan kemiskinan. Untuk mengatasinya, pemerintah meluncurkan program korporasi petani guna mendorong kerja kolektif berbasis bisnis, salah satunya melalui proyek percontohan Demfarm di Karawang sejak 2018. Namun, perkembangan korporasi belum optimal akibat lemahnya jaringan komunikasi, baik antaranggota maupun dengan pihak eksternal yang berperan dalam pengembangan. Penelitian ini bertujuan menganalisis jaringan komunikasi dalam korporasi petani dan menilai pengaruh faktor internal dan eksternal terhadap perkembangannya. Pendekatan kuantitatif digunakan dengan data primer hasil wawancara dan observasi, serta dianalisis menggunakan UCINET dan SEM-PLS. Analisis jaringan mencakup derajat sentralitas, kedekatan, dan keperantaraan untuk memetakan posisi, peran, dan hubungan antaraktor dalam sistem komunikasi kelembagaan. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa jaringan komunikasi korporasi petani di Kecamatan Jayakerta belum optimal akibat fragmentasi komunikasi, dominasi aktor tertentu, dan banyak anggota berada pada posisi isolate. Kondisi ini menghambat distribusi informasi dan materi, koordinasi, serta integrasi unit bisnis. Analisis lebih lanjut mengungkap bahwa faktor internal petani dan dukungan teknologi informasi tidak berpengaruh signifikan, sedangkan keterlibatan aktif stakeholders eksternal justru berperan besar dalam meningkatkan efektivitas jaringan. Temuan penting lainnya menegaskan bahwa pertukaran informasi mampu memperkuat koordinasi, inovasi, dan partisipasi anggota, sementara pertukaran materi yang bersifat transaksional tidak berdampak nyata pada keberlanjutan kelembagaan. Sebagai implikasi, strategi komunikasi diarahkan pada penguatan struktur internal melalui pembentukan unit komunikasi khusus, optimalisasi peran opinion leaders, forum komunikasi rutin, dan kanal digital internal. Teknologi informasi perlu dimanfaatkan secara lebih sistematis melalui platform daring terintegrasi serta pelatihan literasi digital bagi petani. Kolaborasi dengan stakeholders eksternal seperti pemerintah, swasta, lembaga keuangan, dan perguruan tinggi harus diformalkan untuk memperkuat akses sumber daya, inovasi, dan pasar. Pada akhirnya, model komunikasi yang inklusif, partisipatif, adaptif, dan transparan menjadi prasyarat untuk meningkatkan partisipasi anggota sekaligus memastikan sinkronisasi data produksi, distribusi, dan pemasaran hasil panen secara lebih efisien.
Smallholder farmers in Indonesia face substantial challenges, including low agricultural productivity, deteriorating economic conditions, and persistent poverty. To address these issues, the government launched the Farmer Corporation program to promote collective, business-oriented collaboration, exemplified by the Demfarm pilot project in Karawang initiated in 2018. However, the progress of these corporations has been suboptimal due to weak coordination and communication, both among members and with external stakeholders involved in their development. This study aims to analyze communication networks within farmer corporations and assess the influence of internal and external factors on their development. A quantitative approach was employed using primary data obtained through interviews and observations, analyzed with UCINET and SEM-PLS. The network analysis included degree centrality, closeness, and betweenness to map the positions, roles, and relationships among actors within the institutional communication system. The findings indicate that the communication network of farmer corporations in the Jayakerta Subdistrict functions suboptimally because of fragmented interactions, actor dominance, and the isolation of many members. These conditions create unequal information and resource exchanges, limiting coordination, business unit integration, and resource distribution. While internal farmer characteristics and technological support showed no significant effect on network formation, the active engagement of external stakeholders exerted a strong positive influence on network effectiveness. Furthermore, information exchange networks were found to substantially enhance coordination, innovation, and participation, whereas material exchange networks, which are primarily transactional, had little impact on institutional sustainability. Based on these findings, an effective strategy entails strengthening internal communication through dedicated units, empowered opinion leaders, regular forums, and digital platforms. Information technology should be leveraged through integrated online systems and digital literacy initiatives. Collaboration with external stakeholders governments, the private sector, financial institutions, and universities must be institutionalised to foster innovation, resource mobilisation, and market access. Ultimately, establishing an inclusive, participatory, adaptive, and transparent communication model is essential for enhancing member engagement and ensuring more efficient synchronisation of production, distribution and marketing.
URI: http://repository.ipb.ac.id/handle/123456789/171126
Appears in Collections:DT - Human Ecology

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