Induksi Tunas Pisang Tanduk pada Jenis dan Konsentrasi Sitokinin secara In Vitro

Abstract

Pisang Tanduk merupakan pisang bergenom AAB. Budidayanya cenderung sulit karena anakan dengan mutu yang baik tanpa kontaminasi bakteri maupun cendawan sulit didapatkan dan sedikit jumlahnya. Kultur jaringan dapat menjadi upaya optimasi perbanyakan bibit pisang Tanduk melalui tahap induksi tunas. Penelitian ini bertujuan mempelajari pengaruh jenis dan konsentrasi sitokinin serta memperoleh perlakuan terbaik untuk induksi dan perkembangan tunas pisang Tanduk secara in vitro. Penelitian dilaksanakan di Laboratorium Pusat Kajian Hortikultura Tropika, Baranangsiang, Bogor, menggunakan Rancangan Kelompok Lengkap Teracak dua faktor, yaitu jenis sitokinin yang terdiri dari dua taraf: BAP dan Kinetin; dan konsentrasi yang terdiri atas 4 taraf: 3, 5, 8, 10 mg L-1. BAP dan Kinetin pada 3, 5, 8, dan 10 mg L-1 belum menghasilkan jumlah tunas yang maksimal dalam menginduksi tunas pisang Tanduk sampai 10 MSK. Kinetin mampu menghasilkan waktu muncul akar tercepat, persentase eksplan berdaun, persentase eksplan berakar, rata-rata jumlah daun, dan rata-rata jumlah akar terbanyak. Konsentrasi 5 mg L-1 sitokinin mampu menghasilkan waktu muncul daun tercepat. Konsentrasi 8 mg L-1 sitokinin mampu menghasilkan persentase eksplan berdaun dan rata-rata jumlah daun terbanyak. Kinetin 8 mg L-1 mampu menghasilkan persentase eksplan berdaun dan persentase eksplan berakar terbanyak.

Horn Plantain is a banana with an AAB genome. Its cultivation tends to be difficult because high-quality suckers without bacterial or fungal contamination are hard to obtain and are limited in number. Tissue culture can serve as an effort to optimize the propagation of Horn Plantain seedlings through the shoot induction stage. This study aimed to examine the effect of cytokinin types and concentrations, as well as to determine the best treatment for the induction and development of Horn Plantain shoots in vitro. The research was conducted at the Laboratory of the Center for Tropical Horticulture Studies, Baranangsiang, Bogor, using a two-factor Completely Randomized Block Design, namely cytokinin types consisting of two levels: BAP and Kinetin; and concentrations consisting of four levels: 3, 5, 8, and 10 mg L-1. BAP and Kinetin at 3, 5, 8, and 10 mg L-1 have not produced the maximum number of shoots in inducing Horn banana shoots up to 10 WAC (weeks after culture). Kinetin was able to produce the fastest root emergence time, the highest percentage of explants with leaves, the highest percentage of explants with roots, the greatest average number of leaves, and the greatest average number of roots. A concentration of 5 mg L-1 cytokinin was able to produce the fastest leaf emergence time. A concentration of 8 mg L-1 cytokinin was able to produce the highest percentage of explants with leaves and the greatest average number of leaves. Kinetin at 8 mg L-1 was able to produce the highest percentage of explants with leaves and explants with roots.