Sterilization Method of Explants and Induction of Plantlet Proliferation through Direct Organogenesis of Red Ginger (Zingiber officinale Roscoe var. rubrum) Explants Variety Jahira I

Abstract

Jahe merah (Zingiber officinale Rorcoe var. rubrum) adalah salah satu jenis tanaman rempah dan biofarmaka yang memiliki potensi sebagai usaha pertanian karena ekonomi yang tinggi. Jahe merah varietas Jahira 1 merupakan salah satu jenis dengan potensi besar di sektor industri farmasi dan pangan. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mempelajari pengaruh antara arang aktif dengan sitokinin Benzyl Adenine (BA) terhadap proliferasi tunas jahe merah varietas Jahira I secara in vitro. Rancangan percobaan yang digunakan yaitu Rancangan Kelompok Lengkap Teracak (RKLT) faktorial dengan dua faktor diulang sebanyak 5 kali. Faktor pertama adalah konsentrasi arang aktif (1; 1,5; dan 2 g L?¹), sedangkan faktor kedua adalah konsentrasi BA (1,5; 3; 4,5; dan 6 mg L?¹), dengan media dasar MS modifikasi. Parameter yang diamati meliputi jumlah tunas, tinggi tunas, jumlah daun, jumlah akar, dan panjang akar. Metode sterilisasi eksplan terbaik diperoleh melalui perendaman berturut-turut menggunakan agrept dan benlox 3 g L?¹ selama 120 menit, NaOCl 50% selama 20 menit, NaOCl 20% selama 15 menit, rendaman Povidone iodine 10 tetes, dan PPM 0,01% selama 5 menit. Perlakuan tunggal BA 1,5 mg L?¹ menghasilkan jumlah daun terbanyak, sedangkan perlakuan tunggal BA 1 mg L?¹ menghasilkan akar terbanyak. Interaksi antara arang aktif dengan BA berpengaruh nyata terhadap jumlah tunas (minggu ke-4, 5, 6, dan 8), terhadap tinggi tunas (minggu ke-3), dan jumlah akar (minggu ke-8). Kombinasi arang aktif 1 g L?¹ dan BA 3 mg L?¹ menghasilkan jumlah tunas terbanyak, kombinasi perlakuan 1,5 g L?¹ arang aktif dan 3 mg L?¹ BA menghasilkan tinggi tunas terbaik. Kombinasi perlakuan 1 g L?¹ arang aktif dan BA 1,5 mg L?¹ menghasilkan jumlah akar terbanyak. Perlakuan arang aktif 1 g L?¹ dengan 3 mg L?¹ BA menghasilkan total tunas dan planlet terbanyak terbentuk. Kata kunci: arang aktif, benzyl Adenine, in vitro, jahe merah, proliferasi tunas

Red ginger (Zingiber officinale Rorcoe var. rubrum) is one of the types of spice and biopharmaceutical plants that have the potential as an agricultural business because of its high economy. Red ginger variety Jahira 1 is one of the types with great potential in the pharmaceutical and food industry. This research aims to study the influence between activated charcoal and cytokinin Benzyl Adenine (BA) on the proliferation of red ginger buds variety Jahira I in vitro. The experimental design used is the factorial Randomized Complete Group Design (RKLT) with two factors repeated 5 times. The first factor is the concentration of activated charcoal (1; 1,5; and 2 g L?¹), while the second factor is the concentration of BA (1,5; 3; 4,5; and 6 mg L?¹) with a modified MS base medium. The observed parameters include the number of buds, bud height, number of leaves, number of roots, and root length. The best explan sterilization method is obtained through successive soaking using agrept and benlox 3 g L?¹ for 120 minutes, NaOCl 50% for 20 minutes, NaOCl 20% for 15 minutes, soaking Povidone iodine 10 drops, and PPM 0.01% for 5 minutes. A single treatment of BA 1.5 mg L?¹ produces the largest number of leaves, while a single treatment of BA 1 mg L?¹ produces the most roots. The interaction between activated charcoal and BA has a significant effect on the number of shoots (4th, 5th, 6th, and 8th week), on the height of the buds (3rd week), and the number of roots (8th week). The combination of activated charcoal 1 g L?¹ and BA 3 mg L?¹ produces the largest number of shoots, the combination of 1.5 g L?¹ activated charcoal treatment and 3 mg L?¹ BA produces the best shoot height. The combination of treatment of 1 g L?¹ activated charcoal and BA 1.5 mg L?¹ produced the largest number of roots. The treatment of activated charcoal 1 g L?¹ with 3 mg L?¹ BA produces the total number of shoots and planlets formed. Keywords: activated charcoal, benzyl Adenine, red ginger, in vitro, shoot proliferation