Adsorben berbasis Limbah Kulit Pisang Kepok dan Tempurung Kelapa Kopyor sebagai Penjerap Ion Pb2+ dan Cd2+

Abstract

Pencemaran ion logam berat dalam limbah cair yang dihasilkan industri menjadi permasalahan serius yang membutuhkan solusi efektif dan ramah lingkungan. Teknik adsorpsi menggunakan karbon aktif merupakan salah satu metode dalam mengatasi pencemaran lingkungan. Karbon aktif dibuat dari limbah kulit pisang kepok dan tempurung kelapa kopyor dalam berbagai perbandingan massa untuk mengetahui potensi, efektivitas, serta kemampuan adsorpsi dari karbon aktif. Karbon aktif yang terbentuk diidentifikasi menggunakan FTIR. Hasil analisis FTIR menunjukkan adanya gugus fungsi aktif seperti hidroksil (-OH), karbonil (C=O), C-H dan C=C yang mendukung kemampuan adsorpsi. Pengujian kualitas karbon aktif meliputi kadar air, kadar abu, kadar zat volatil dan kadar karbon terikat. Hasil Analisis menunjukkan kadar air, kadar abu dan zat volatil karbon aktif yang teraktivasi lebih rendah dibandingkan karbon aktif yang tidak diaktivasi dan kontrol positif. Pada proses aktivasi akan memperbesar nilai kadar karbon terikat. Formulasi terbaik mampu menurunkan kadar Cd hingga 100% dan Pb hingga lebih dari 99%.

Heavy metal contamination in industrial wastewater had become a serious problem that required effective and environmentally friendly solutions. The adsorption technique using activated carbon was one of the methods used to address environmental pollution. Activated carbon was produced from kepok banana peels and kopyor coconut shells in various mass ratios to determine its potential, effectiveness, and adsorption capacity of the activated carbon. The resulting activated carbon was identified using FTIR analysis. The FTIR results showed the presence of active functional groups such as hydroxyl (-OH), carbonyl (C=O), C-H, and C=C, which supported the adsorption ability. The quality tests of the activated carbon included moisture content, ash content, volatile matter content, and fixed carbon content. The analysis results showed that the activated carbon had lower moisture, ash, and volatile matter contents compared to the non-activated carbon and the positive control. The activation process increased the fixed carbon content. The best formulation was able to reduce Cd levels by up to 100% and Pb levels by more than 99%.