Toksisitas Ekstrak Kulit Kayu, Daun, dan Eksudat Balsam Rasamala terhadap Larva Udang Artemia salina L.

Abstract

Rasamala (Liquidambar excelsa (Noronha) Oken) menghasilkan metabolit sekunder yang bersifat bioaktif, namun informasi toksisitasnya masih terbatas. Penelitian ini bertujuan mengevaluasi toksisitas ekstrak kulit kayu, daun, dan eksudat balsam rasamala dengan metode Brine Shrimp Lethality Test (BSLT), menentukan LC50, serta mengidentifikasi senyawa dominan. Ekstraksi dilakukan secara refluks pada sampel kontrol dan terinduksi metil jasmonat, kemudian dianalisis menggunakan GC-MS. Uji terhadap larva Artemia salina (20–1000 ppm) menunjukkan semua ekstrak bersifat toksik, dengan nilai LC50 tertinggi pada eksudat balsam (85,19 ppm), diikuti daun perlakuan (109,09 ppm), kulit kayu perlakuan (273,28 ppm), kulit kayu kontrol (366,46 ppm), dan daun kontrol (417,06 ppm). Analisis GC-MS mengungkap senyawa utama seperti ursolic aldehyde dan cinnamyl cinnamate pada eksudat balsam, heptadecane pada daun, serta 2-methylcyclohexanone pada kulit kayu. Senyawa tersebut diketahui memiliki aktivitas antikanker, antiinflamasi, dan antimikroba. Hasil ini menegaskan potensi rasamala, khususnya eksudat balsam, sebagai sumber kandidat agen antikanker alami.

Rasamala (Liquidambar excelsa (Noronha) Oken) produces secondary metabolites with bioactive potential, yet its toxicity is underexplored. This study aimed to evaluate the toxicity of bark, leaf, and balsam exudate extracts of rasamala using the Brine Shrimp Lethality Test (BSLT), determine LC50 values, and identify dominant compounds. Extracts were prepared by reflux from both control and methyl jasmonate-induced samples, then analyzed by GC-MS. Toxicity assays against Artemia salina larvae (20–1000 ppm) indicated that all extracts were toxic, with the highest LC50 value in balsam exudate (85.19 ppm), followed by treated leaves (109.09 ppm), treated bark (273.28 ppm), control bark (366.46 ppm), and control leaves (417.06 ppm). GC-MS revealed major compounds such as ursolic aldehyde and cinnamyl cinnamate in the balsam exudate, heptadecane in leaves, and 2-methylcyclohexanone in bark. These compounds are known to possess anticancer, anti-inflammatory, and antimicrobial activities. Overall, the results confirm the potential of rasamala, particularly its balsam exudate, as a promising natural source of anticancer agents.