Rancang Bangun dan Uji Kinerja Prototipe Sistem Penggandengan Trailer pada Traktor Tangan dengan Pendekatan Ergonomi

Abstract

WAHAB CHAYYI FANANI Rancang Bangun dan Uji Kinerja Prototipe Sistem Penggandengan Trailer pada Traktor Tangan Dengan Pendekatan Ergonomi. Dibimbing oleh DESRIAL.

Penggunaan traktor tangan dengan trailer sebagai alat angkut hasil pertanian telah meningkat karena efisiensinya, namun menimbulkan permasalahan ergonomi yang signifikan. Permasalahan utama mencakup kesulitan operator dalam mengendalikan traktor saat berbelok, postur tubuh yang tidak ergonomis, serta posisi duduk yang tidak dapat disesuaikan terhadap variasi ukuran traktor dan postur tubuh operator. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk melakukan rancang bangun dan pengujian kinerja trailer tipe pivot dengan adjustable telescopic frame berbasis pendekatan ergonomi guna mengatasi permasalahan tersebut. Proses penelitian terdiri dari tahap desain, manufaktur, uji fungsional, dan uji kinerja ergonomis. Trailer dirancang dengan sistem telescopic frame pada rangka tarik dan dudukan operator yang dapat disesuaikan. Sistem roda bantu dan pegas ditambahkan untuk meningkatkan stabilitas dan meredam getaran saat pengoperasian. Pengujian dilakukan dengan traktor tangan Yanmar YZC-L pada lintasan lurus, belok 45°, dan belok 90° di jalan aspal dan lahan pertanian. Tiga operator laki-laki dengan ukuran tubuh berdasarkan persentil 5, 50, dan 95 digunakan sebagai subjek uji. Data dikumpulkan melalui perekaman video, diolah dengan perangkat lunak Kinovea, dan dianalisis menggunakan metode Rapid Upper Limb Assessment (RULA) dan Range of Motion (ROM). Hasil uji fungsional menunjukkan bahwa seluruh komponen trailer berfungsi baik. Roda bantu dan sistem pegas berhasil meningkatkan kenyamanan dan kestabilan kendaraan di berbagai jenis permukaan dan saat bermanuver. Analisis RULA menunjukkan bahwa postur kerja operator saat lintasan lurus memperoleh skor 1–2 (risiko rendah), sedangkan saat berbelok mendapat skor 3–4 (memerlukan investigasi lebih lanjut). Hasil ROM menunjukkan bahwa pergerakan sebagian besar masih dalam batas aman (zona 0 dan 1), namun terdapat beberapa gerakan ekstrem saat belok.. Dengan desain yang dapat disesuaikan dan memperhatikan aspek ergonomi, trailer tipe pivot adjustable telescopic frame terbukti dapat meningkatkan kenyamanan, efisiensi, serta mengurangi risiko gangguan muskuloskeletal bagi operator. Sistem ini sangat potensial untuk diterapkan secara luas pada praktik pertanian di Indonesia yang menggunakan traktor tangan.

WAHAB CHAYYI FANANI. Design, Construction and Performance Testing of Prototype Trailer Hitch System for a Hand Tractor with an Ergonomic Approach. Supervised by DESRIAL.

The use of hand tractors with trailers has increased in agricultural transportation due to its efficiency. However, it also presents ergonomic challenges, such as difficulty in controlling the tractor during turns and poor operator posture, which can lead to fatigue and injury. This study aimed to design, construct, and evaluate the performance of a pivot-type trailer coupling system equipped with an adjustable telescopic frame, using an ergonomic approach to address these issues.The research involved stages of technical design, manufacturing, functional testing, and ergonomic performance testing. The trailer was developed with a telescopic adjustment system on both the main frame and operator seat, allowing adaptation to different tractor sizes and operator anthropometry. Auxiliary wheels and springs were added to improve stability and reduce vibration during operation. Field tests were conducted using a Yanmar YZC-L hand tractor on straight, 45°, and 90° turn paths across asphalt and agricultural land. Three male operators representing the 5th, 50th, and 95th percentile of Indonesian anthropometric data were involved. Data were collected via video recordings, analyzed with Kinovea software, and evaluated using Rapid Upper Limb Assessment (RULA) and Range of Motion (ROM). Functional tests showed that all components operated effectively. The auxiliary wheels and spring system significantly improved stability and comfort on varied terrains and during turning maneuvers.RULA analysis revealed a score of 1–2 (low risk) for straight paths and 3–4 (moderate risk, requiring further investigation) for turning operations. ROM results indicated most movements remained within safe zones (zones 0 and 1), though some extreme postures occurred during tight turns.. The adjustable telescopic frame pivot trailer, designed with ergonomic considerations, effectively enhances operator comfort, control, and overall efficiency, while reducing the risk of long-term musculoskeletal disorders. This system demonstrates strong potential for wider application in Indonesian agricultural practices involving hand tractors.