Suplementasi Daun Insulin (Smallanthus sonchifolius) pada Pakan terhadap Pemanfaatan Karbohidrat dan Kinerja Pertumbuhan Ikan Nila (Oreochromis sp.)

Abstract

Tilapia farming is still faced with the challenge of high feed costs. The addition of insulin leaves has the potential to increase carbohydrate utilization as the cheapest energy source, so this study aims to evaluate carbohydrate utilization and growth performance of tilapia with insulin leaf supplementation in tilapia feed. The study consisted of four treatments with three replications: 28-In0 (28% feed without insulin leaves), 28-In1 (28% feed with 1% insulin leaves), 25-In0 (25% feed without insulin leaves), and 25-In1 (25% feed with 1% insulin leaves). Red tilapia measuring 9.06±0.05 g were reared in an aquarium (50x40x40cm) at a density of 10 fish per aquarium for 60 days. Fish were fed three times a day at satiation. The 25-In1 treatment had the highest digestive enzyme activity, followed by the fastest basal glucose recovery rate at the 5th hour after feeding. GLUT-4 was expressed highest in the 28-In0 treatment, while IGF-1 was expressed highest in the 25-In1 treatment. The 25-In0 treatment had the highest liver glycogen (12.41 mg g?¹), HSI (2.62%), and fat retention (81.76%). The 25-In1 treatment had the highest plasma total protein (3.7 g dL?¹), followed by high protein retention (48.6%) and protein efficiency ratio (2.91%). Increased protein utilization resulted in treatment 25-In1 having the highest average final weight (56.06 g), specific growth rate (3.03%), and feed efficiency (73.83%). This study concluded that insulin leaf supplementation can improve carbohydrate utilization and growth performance of tilapia fed low-protein diets.