Rancang Bangun Sistem Pemantauan Suhu Tanah Dan Udara Berbasis Mikrokontroler ESP32 Pada Green Roof

Abstract

Green roof merupakan solusi berkelanjutan bagi kawasan perkotaan yang mampu mengurangi efek pulau panas dan meningkatkan kenyamanan termal. Penelitian ini bertujuan merancang sistem monitoring berbasis mikrokontroler ESP32 yang dapat mengukur, menyimpan, dan mengirim data secara real time. Sistem menggunakan 8 sensor DS18B20 untuk suhu tanah pada kedalaman 0 cm dan 8 cm, serta satu sensor DHT22 untuk suhu dan kelembaban udara. Data dicatat setiap 15 menit, ditampilkan pada LCD I2C, disimpan ke MicroSD dan Google Sheets serta ditampilkan pada aplikasi Blynk IoT. Hasil kalibrasi menunjukkan akurasi tinggi dengan R² 0,9875–0,9973 (DS18B20), 0,991 (suhu DHT22), dan 0,986 (kelembaban DHT22). Keberhasilan pembacaan sensor mencapai 100% (DS18B20) dan 98,81% (DHT22) pada 10–17 April serta 6–19 Juni, dengan prototipe 2 mencatat akurasi DS18B20 antara 99,55–100%. Box tanpa vegetasi mencatat suhu maksimum tertinggi, sedangkan vegetasi paling efektif mereduksi suhu yaitu tanaman kacang hias dengan rata-rata suhu terendah dan paling stabil.

Green roofs are sustainable solutions for urban areas that can reduce the urban heat island effect and improve thermal comfort. This research aims to design a monitoring system based on an ESP32 microcontroller capable of measuring, storing, and transmitting data in real time. The system employs eight DS18B20 sensors to measure soil temperature at depths of 0 cm and 8 cm, as well as one DHT22 sensor for air temperature and humidity. Data are recorded every 15 minutes, displayed on an I2C LCD, stored on a MicroSD card and Google Sheets, and visualized through the Blynk IoT application. Calibration results indicate high accuracy with R² values ranging from 0.9875 to 0.9973 (DS18B20), 0.991 (DHT22 temperature), and 0.986 (DHT22 humidity). Sensor reading success rates reached 100% (DS18B20) and 98.81% (DHT22) during April 10–17 and June 6–19, with prototype 2 recording DS18B20 accuracy between 99.55% and 100%. The box without vegetation recorded the highest maximum temperature, while ornamental bean plants proved to be the most effective in reducing temperature, yielding the lowest and most stable average temperature.