Evaluasi Keragaan dan Uji Daya Hasil Beberapa Hibrida Jagung Manis Ungu (Zea mays Saccharata Strurt)

Abstract

Belum banyak pemuliaan tanaman yang berfokus pada peningkatan nilai gizi varietas jagung manis. Jagung manis ungu mempunyai nilai gizi yang lebih unggul dibanding jagung manis lain karena memiliki kandungan antosianin. Kandungan antosianin inilah yang menyebabkan biji jagung manis berwarna ungu. Antosianin dalam jagung manis ungu diperoleh dari proses biofortifikasi. Sebagai upaya mendukung program biofortifikasi, Departemen Agronomi dan Hortikultura IPB University melakukan perakitan berbagai hibrida jagung manis ungu. Penelitian ini bertujuan mengevaluasi keragaan dan uji daya hasil beberapa hibrida jagung manis ungu IPB. Penelitian dilakukan menggunakan rancangan kelompok lengkap teracak faktor tunggal dengan tiga ulangan. Jagung manis yang diuji terdiri atas 11 hibrida uji dan 2 varietas pembanding. Terdapat keragaman yang berbeda nyata pada semua karakter kuantitatif hibrida uji kecuali pada karakter tinggi tanaman, diamater batang, tinggi letak tongkol, panjang tongkol, diamater tongkol dan jumlah biji per baris. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa produktivitas tanaman tertinggi ada pada varietas pembanding Exsotic, sedangkan produktivitas serta kadar PTT hibrida uji tertinggi ada pada B11 SM 9.3.7C X JMU 26.3.2.1 yaitu 15ºBrix, sedangkan pada varietas Exsotic kadar PPT 13,6 ºBrix dan pada varietas Mira kadar PPT bernilai 14,87 ºBrix. Berdasarkan karakter kualitatif, kadar antosianin dengan tingkat kekuatan tertinggi terdapat pada hibrida uji JMU 10.1.2 X JMU 11.1.

There has been limited focus on the improvement of the nutritional properties of sweet corn varieties through plant breeding. Of these, purple sweet corn has a better nutritional profile compared to other sweet corn types, and this is mainly attributed to its anthocyanin content. The presence of anthocyanins causes the purple pigmentation in the sweet corn kernels. Anthocyanins in purple sweet corn are obtained by the process of biofortification. To support the biofortification program, the Department of Agronomy and Horticulture at IPB University is actively involved in developing several hybrids of purple sweet corn. The goal of this research was to evaluate the performance and yield of various purple sweet corn hybrids derived from IPB. The research was organized using a single-factor randomized complete block design, with three replications. The sweet corn tested consisted of 11 test hybrids and two control varieties. Significant differences were noted among all the quantitative characters of the test hybrids except for plant height, stem diameter, ear height, ear length, ear diameter, and the number of kernels per row. Results from the study revealed that the Exsotic comparison variety showed the highest productivity of plants, while the B11 SM 9.3.7C X JMU 26.3.2.1 test hybrid was found to be most productive and have the highest PTT content, at 15ºBrix. In comparison, the Exsotic variety had a PPT content of 13.6 ºBrix, while the Mira variety had a PPT content of 14.87 ºBrix. For qualitative traits, the test hybrid JMU 10.1.2 X JMU 11.1 had the highest anthocyanin strength.