Formulasi Konsentrasi Ekstrak Kulit Kayu Akasia (Acacia mangium) sebagai Obat Kumur Pencegah Karies Gigi pada Anak

Abstract

Karies gigi merupakan masalah kesehatan yang banyak diderita oleh anak-anak dengan prevalensi mencapai 90%. Penyebab utama karies adalah plak gigi, yakni biofilm yang terbentuk oleh salah satu bakteri Staphylococcus aureus. Salah satu cara untuk mencegahnya adalah menggunakan obat kumur berbahan ekstrak alami yaitu ekstrak kulit kayu akasia (Acacia mangium). Penelitian bertujuan untuk menentukan fase optimum ekstraksi metode Pressurized Hot Water Extraction (PHWE) tiga fase dan formula obat kumur terbaik. Hasil data diperoleh kadar tertinggi pada fase pertama dari total fenol yaitu 5156 mg/L GAE, total tanin 4353 mg/L GAE, tanin terkondensasi 578 mg/L GAE, tanin terhidrolisis 3776 mg/L GAE. Formulasi konsentrasi ekstrak obat kumur dibuat dalam 1% 3%, 5%, 7%, 9%. Formulasi kelima (F5) merupakan formulasi terbaik dengan perolehan kadar pH sebesar 6,01 ± 0,01, stabilitas pH 5,96 ± 0,02 sig. 2-tailed 0,013, viskositas 1,19 ± 0,01 cP, stabilitas viskositas1,17 ± 0,01 cP sig. 2-tailed 0,038, persen inhibisi antioksidan DPPH 91,14 %. ekstrak 7,42 ± 0,36 mm, formulasi obat kumur 7,56 ± 0,32 mm.

Dental caries was a health problem commonly suffered by children, with a prevalence reaching 90%. The main cause of caries was dental plaque, which was a biofilm formed by one of the bacteria, Staphylococcus aureus. One method of prevention was using a mouthwash made from natural extracts, namely the bark extract of Acacia mangium. The research aimed to determine the optimum extraction phase using the three-phase Pressurized Hot Water Extraction (PHWE) method and the best mouthwash formulation. The data showed that the highest levels were obtained in the first phase, with total phenol content of 5156 mg/L GAE, total tannin 4353 mg/L GAE, condensed tannin 578 mg/L GAE, and hydrolyzed tannin 3776 mg/L GAE. Mouthwash extract concentration formulations were prepared at 1%, 3%, 5%, 7%, and 9%. The fifth formulation (F5) was identified as the best formulation, with a pH value of 6.01 ± 0.01, pH stability of 5.96 ± 0.02 (sig. 2-tailed = 0.013), viscosity of 1.19 ± 0.01 cP, viscosity stability of 1.17 ± 0.01 cP (sig. 2-tailed = 0.038), DPPH antioxidant inhibition percentage of 91.14%, inhibition zone of 7.42 ± 0.36 mm for the extract, and 7.56 ± 0.32 mm for the mouthwash formulation.