Please use this identifier to cite or link to this item: http://repository.ipb.ac.id/handle/123456789/170183
Title: Strategi Pengembangan Wisata Berbasis Masyarakat di Kampung Adat Miduana untuk Pemenuhan Global Sustainable Tourism Council
Other Titles: Community-Based Tourism Development Strategy in Miduana Traditional Village to Meet the Global Sustainable Tourism Council's Requirements
Authors: Kosmaryandi, Nandi
Rachmawati, Eva
Pradana, Yovan Herland
Issue Date: 2025
Publisher: IPB University
Abstract: Meningkatnya perkembangan wisata di Indonesia tidak selalu menjadi hal positif, namun juga menimbulkan beberapa dampak negatif terhadap masyarakat dari aspek ekonomi, sosial budaya, dan lingkungan. Masyarakat adat merupakan salah satu kelompok masyarakat yang merasakan dampak negatif dari adanya wisata, salah satu contohnya Masyarakat Adat Miduana. Perubahan kondisi sosial budaya, kurang sesuainya pembangunan infrastruktur wisata dengan kondisi lingkungan dan budaya, serta adanya indikasi komersialisasi wisata menjadi beberapa contoh dampak negatif yang timbul dari adanya wisata di Kampung Adat Miduana. Dampak negatif ini timbul karena banyak pengembangan wisata yang belum menerapkan konsep wisata berkelanjutan. Standar Global Sustainable Tourism Council merupakan standar yang menjelaskan terkait bentuk pengembangan wisata yang berkelanjutan. Tujuan dari penelitian ini yaitu mengidentifikasi implementasi pengelolaan wisata di Kampung Adat Miduana melalui pendekatan Global Sustainable Tourism Council, menganalisis gap pengelolaan wisata eksisting dengan Standar GSTC, menelaah peran stakeholders dalam mendukung keberlanjutan pengembangan wisata dengan metode analisis Mactor, dan merumuskan strategi pegembangan wisata berbasis masyarakat adat di Kampung Adat Miduana. Penelitian ini dilakukan secara langsung dengan bantuan kuesioner dan panduan wawancara. Analisis dalam penelitian ini juga menggunakan bantuan software Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS) 22 untuk uji chi-square dan Mactor. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa berdasarkan sub kriteria GSTC, pengelolaan wisata di Kampung Adat Miduana baru memenuhi 14 sub kriteria dari total 38 sub kriteria GSTC, yang artinya pengelolaan wisata di Kampung Adat Miduana berdasarkan Standar GSTC masuk ke dalam klasifikasi sedang. Hasil uji chi-square juga menunjukkan dari aspek keberlanjutan sosial ekonomi, respon masyarakat terhadap pengembangan wisata di Kampung Adat Miduana sangat baik, dimana masyarakat mayoritas menjawab setuju pada 10 dari 12 pernyataan yang ditanyakan. Penyebab terjadinya gap pengelolaan wisata di Kampung Adat Miduana, mayoritas terjadi karena faktor minimnya pengetahuan pokdarwis. Berdasarkan hasil analisis gap dan wawancara, disimpulkan bahwa terdapat 16 sub kriteria yang menjadi prioritas yang belum terpenuhi, dan selanjutnya dijadikan dasar dalam penyusunan strategi pengembangan wisata berbasis masyarakat. Hasil analisis Mactor menunjukkan bahwa lembaga adat merupakan aktor dengan tingkat pengaruh tertinggi dan ketergantungan yang rendah, sehingga masuk ke dalam Kuadran I (influence stakeholders). Selain itu, lembaga adat dan pokdarwis memiliki tingkat konvergensi tertinggi, yang berperan besar dalam keberhasilan pengembangan pariwisata di Kampung Adat Miduana.
The increasing development of tourism in Indonesia does not always bring positive impacts; it also causes several negative effects on society, particularly in economic, socio-cultural, and environmental aspects. Indigenous communities are among those who experience the negative impacts of tourism, as seen in the case of the Miduana Indigenous People. Socio-cultural changes, the misalignment of tourism infrastructure development with environmental and cultural conditions, and indications of tourism commercialization are some examples of negative impacts arising from tourism in Miduana Traditional Village. These negative impacts occur because many tourism development initiatives have yet to implement the concept of sustainable tourism. Global Sustainable Tourism Council (GSTC) standards provide guidelines for sustainable tourism development. This study aims to identify the implementation of tourism management in Miduana Traditional Village using the GSTC approach, analyze the gap between existing tourism management practices and GSTC standards, examine the role of actors in supporting the sustainability of tourism development in Miduana Traditional Village, and formulate a strategy for community-based tourism development in Miduana Traditional Village using the Mactor analysis method. The research was conducted through field studies using questionnaires and interview guides as instruments. Data analysis was carried out using Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS) 22 for the chi-square test and Mactor. The results show that Miduana Traditional Village has diverse tourism attractions, both cultural and natural. Based on the GSTC sub-criteria, the tourism management in Miduana Traditional Village meets 14 out of 38 GSTC sub-criteria, classifying it as a moderate level of compliance with GSTC standards. The chi square test results indicate that, in terms of socio-economic sustainability, the community's response to tourism development in Miduana Traditional Village is highly positive, with the majority agreeing with 10 out of 12 statements posed. The cause of the gap in tourism management in the Miduana Traditional Village is mostly due to the lack of knowledge of the tourism group. Based on the results of the gap analysis and interviews, it was concluded that there are 16 sub-criteria were identified as priority areas that remain unmet, which then served as the foundation for formulating a community-based tourism development strategy. The Mactor analysis indicates that the traditional institution is the actor with the highest level of influence and the lowest level of dependency, placing it in Quadrant I (influence stakeholders). Furthermore, the traditional institution and the tourism group show the highest level of convergence, significantly influencing the success of tourism development in Miduana Traditional Village.
URI: http://repository.ipb.ac.id/handle/123456789/170183
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