Please use this identifier to cite or link to this item: http://repository.ipb.ac.id/handle/123456789/170123
Title: Karakter Fisiologi dan Hasil Varietas Padi Tipe Baru IPB
Other Titles: Physiological Characteristics and Yield of IPB's New Plant Type Rice Varieties
Authors: Junaedi, Ahmad
Lubis, Iskandar
Aswidinnoor, Hajrial
Raudho, Zahrotur
Issue Date: 2025
Publisher: IPB University
Abstract: IPB University telah mengembangkan varietas Padi Tipe Baru yang dikenal dengan “PTB IPB”. Penelitian ini mempelajari keragaan morfofisiologi dan hasil beberapa varietas padi IPB yang baru dikembangkan, yaitu IPB 12S, IPB 13S, IPB 14S, IPB 15S, IPB 9G, dan IPB 3S, dibandingkan dengan varietas unggul nasional yaitu Inpari 30 dan Inpari 32 yang banyak dibudidayakan secara luas. Penelitian ini dilaksanakan di Kebun Percobaan Sawah Baru, Babakan, Dramaga, IPB University. Penelitian menggunakan Rancangan Acak Kelompok Lengkap (RAKL) satu faktor yaitu varietas, terdiri dari delapan petak percobaan dan tiga ulangan sehingga terdapat 24 satuan petak percobaan. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa varietas “PTB IPB” menunjukkan keunggulan morfologis, seperti tinggi tanaman yang lebih tinggi, luas daun bendera yang lebih besar, dan jumlah butir per malai yang lebih banyak dibandingkan varietas unggul nasional Inpari 30 dan Inpari 32. Namun, keunggulan morfologi ini belum sepenuhnya disertai dengan peningkatan kinerja fisiologis yang mendukung, termasuk laju fotosintesis, laju tumbuh relatif, akumulasi karbohidrat non-struktural (NSC), dan indeks panen. Ketidakseimbangan antara kapasitas sumber (source) dan kekuatan sink menghasilkan efisiensi pengisian biji yang rendah, seperti yang diamati pada varietas padi IPB 9G dan IPB 15S, yang mencakup ukuran sink yang besar tetapi persentase gabah bernas rendah. Analisis korelasi menunjukkan karakter luas daun bendera, panjang batang, panjang malai, kandungan pati fase panen, biomassa tajuk awal serta fotosintesis dan akumulasi NSC pada fase heading+18 berkorelasi positif yang nyata dengan jumlah gabah bernas per malai. Hal ini menegaskan karakter tersebut merupakan indikator penting dalam mendukung kapasitas sink dan hasil varietas padi. Faktor lingkungan seperti intensitas cahaya rendah, curah hujan tinggi, dan kelembaban tinggi telah membatasi ekspresi fisiologis. Oleh karena itu, diperlukan strategi budidaya adaptif dan kondisi pertumbuhan yang sesuai untuk mendukung keunggulan genetik varietas “PTB IPB” yang optimal di agroekosistem sawah yang sesuai.
IPB University has developed a new plant type of rice variety called "IPB NPT". This study studied the morphophysiological diversity and results of several newly developed IPB rice varieties, namely IPB 12S, IPB 13S, IPB 14S, IPB 15S, IPB 9G, and IPB 3S, compared to the widely cultivated Inpari 30 and Inpari 32 varieties. This research was conducted at the Sawah Baru Experimental Garden, Babakan, Dramaga, IPB University. This Research was a Randomized Complete Block Design of eight experimental plots and three replicates for a total of 24 experimental plots. The results showed that the "IPB New Type of Rice" variety showed morphological advantages, such as higher plant height, larger flag leaf area, and a higher number of grains per panicle than the national superior varieties Inpari 30 and Inpari 32. However, these morphological advantages did not lead to corresponding improvements in physiological performance, including photosynthesis rate, relative growth rate, non-structural carbohydrate accumulation (NSC), and yield index. The source capacity and sink strength imbalance result in low seed filling efficiency, as observed in the IPB 9G and IPB 15S rice varieties, which include a large sink size but a low percentage of grain. The correlation analysis revealed that flag leaf area, stem length, panicle length, starch content at the grain-filling stage, above-ground biomass at the early stage, as well as photosynthetic rate and NSC accumulation at heading+18 were significantly and positively associated with the number of filled grains per panicle. These traits can therefore be considered as key physiological and morphological indicators supporting sink capacity and yield potential in rice. Environmental factors such as low light intensity, high rainfall, and high humidity have limited physiological expression. Therefore, adaptive cultivation strategies and appropriate growth conditions are needed to support the optimal genetic advantage of the "IPB NPT" variety in the appropriate rice field agroecosystem
URI: http://repository.ipb.ac.id/handle/123456789/170123
Appears in Collections:MT - Agriculture

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