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http://repository.ipb.ac.id/handle/123456789/170115| Title: | Studi Morfofisiologi, Profil Getah, dan Tingkat Keberhasilan Grafting Nangka (Artocarpus heterophyllus Lam.) pada Berbagai Jenis LED |
| Other Titles: | |
| Authors: | Tirtawinata, Mohamad Reza Poerwanto, Roedhy Krisantini Mazidah, Naila |
| Issue Date: | 2025 |
| Publisher: | IPB University |
| Abstract: | Nangka (Artocarpus heterophyllus Lam.) merupakan tanaman buah tropis yang kaya manfaat, memiliki nilai gizi tinggi, serta mengandung senyawa bioaktif yang berpotensi dikembangkan di berbagai sektor industri. Salah satu kultivar nangka unggulan Indonesia adalah nangka ‘Kandel’ karena rasa buahnya yang manis, daging buah tebal, biji kecil, serta tekstur yang berserat halus, renyah, dan tidak liat. Namun, tanaman nangka memerlukan waktu 6–10 tahun untuk mulai berbuah apabila disemai dari biji. Oleh karena itu, teknik perbanyakan vegetatif seperti grafting menjadi alternatif yang lebih efisien karena dapat mempercepat waktu berbuah sekaligus mempertahankan sifat genetik tanaman induk. Salah satu tantangan utama dalam grafting nangka, khususnya kultivar ‘Kandel’ adalah keberadaan getah yang lengket. Getah dapat menghambat penyatuan antara batang atas dan batang bawah, sehingga menurunkan keberhasilan grafting. Penelitian sebelumnya menunjukkan bahwa cahaya dengan spektrum tertentu dapat memengaruhi ekspresi gen yang terlibat dalam biosintesis senyawa lateks.
Penelitian ini bertujuan mempelajari respons morfofisiologi dan profil getah bibit nangka ‘Kandel’ dengan perlakuan berbagai jenis LED dan durasi penyinaran. Perlakuan LED diharapkan memengaruhi sifat fisik dan kimia getah nangka ‘Kandel’, sehingga dapat meningkatkan keberhasilan grafting nangka ‘Kandel’. Penelitian ini disusun dengan rancangan tersarang dua faktor. Faktor pertama merupakan jenis LED (LED merah, LED putih, LED biru, dan tanpa LED) dan faktor kedua merupakan durasi penyinaran (4, 8, dan 12 minggu setelah perlakuan (MSP)). Bibit yang telah diberi perlakuan LED akan di-grafting sesuai waktu yang telah ditentukan.
Perlakuan LED biru meningkatkan pertumbuhan tinggi bibit nangka ‘Kandel’. Namun, tidak diimbangi dengan pertambahan diameter batang, sehingga tanaman tampak kurus dan lemah. Perlakuan tanpa LED meningkatkan jumlah daun bibit nangka ‘Kandel’, sedangkan perlakuan LED merah meningkatkan jumlah pucuk dan cabang bibit nangka ‘Kandel’. Perlakuan LED merah menurunkan kandungan klorofil, glukosa dan fruktosa pada daun bibit nangka ‘Kandel’. Profil metabolit getah bibit nangka ‘Kandel’ berubah akibat perlakuan LED. Komposisi profil metabolit getah bibit nangka ‘Kandel’ didominasi dari kelompok fatty acids yang berperan dalam pertahanan tanaman. Namun, setelah perlakuan penyinaran LED terjadi penurunan jumlah senyawa dari kelompok fatty acids yang terdeteksi. Tingkat keberhasilan grafting pada penelitian ini sangat rendah, yaitu 3 dari 48. Dua bibit yang berhasil di-grafting menggunakan batang bawah dari perlakuan tanpa LED dan satu dari perlakuan LED merah. Jackfruit (Artocarpus heterophyllus Lam.) is a tropical fruit plant that is rich in benefits, has high nutritional value, and contains bioactive compounds with potential for development in various industrial sectors. One of Indonesia's superior cultivars is the 'Kandel' jackfruit due to its sweet fruit taste, thick flesh, small seeds, and a texture that is finely fibrous, crunchy, and not chewy. However, jackfruit trees require 6–10 years to start bearing fruit if grown from seeds. Therefore, vegetative propagation techniques such as grafting become a more efficient alternative because they can accelerate the fruiting time while maintaining the genetic traits of the parent plant. One of the main challenges in grafting jackfruit, especially the 'Kandel' cultivar, is the presence of sticky sap. This sap can hinder the union between the scion and rootstock, thereby reducing the success of grafting. Previous research has shown that light with certain spectra can affect the expression of genes involved in the biosynthesis of latex compounds. This study aims to examine the morphophysiological responses and latex profile of 'Kandel' jackfruit seedlings with treatments of various types of LEDs and irradiation durations. The LED treatments are expected to affect the physical and chemical properties of 'Kandel' jackfruit latex, thereby enhancing the success of 'Kandel' jackfruit grafting. This research is designed with a nested two-factor design. The first factor is the type of LED (red LED, white LED, blue LED, and no LED), and the second factor is the duration of exposure (4, 8, and 12 weeks after treatment (WAT)). The seedlings that have been treated with LED will be grafted according to the specified time. Blue LED treatment increases the height growth of 'Kandel' jackfruit seedlings. However, this improvement does not coincide with an increase in stem diameter, making the plants appear thin and weak. The treatment without LED increases leaf number, while the red LED treatment increases shoot and branch number in 'Kandel' jackfruit seedlings. Red LED treatment reduced the leaf chlorophyll, glucose, and fructose. The composition of the metabolite profile of jackfruit seedling latex is dominated by fatty acids, a group of compounds that have essential roles in plant defense. LED irradiation led to a decrease in the number of fatty acid compounds detected. The grafting success in this study are very low, i.e., 3 out of 48. Two graftings successfully grew up to 30 days after grafting from the control without LED and one from the red LED treatment. |
| URI: | http://repository.ipb.ac.id/handle/123456789/170115 |
| Appears in Collections: | MT - Agriculture |
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|---|---|---|---|---|
| cover_A2502241044_832a33a1d2ec45f996ce40e9257fba1a.pdf | Cover | 1.11 MB | Adobe PDF | View/Open |
| fulltext_A2502241044_b3d34b90a7a34073a07e5885cd71d6bb.pdf Restricted Access | Fulltext | 3.24 MB | Adobe PDF | View/Open |
| lampiran_A2502241044_c173ca7bbd864c39b5821f40be235ff7.pdf Restricted Access | Lampiran | 2.73 MB | Adobe PDF | View/Open |
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