Pengaruh Jarak Tanam terhadap Kecepatan Penutupan Biomulsa Arachis pintoi pada Tanaman Kopi Arabika

Abstract

Gulma dapat membatasi pertumbuhan kopi arabika karena bersaing mendapatkan sumber daya tumbuh. Arachis pintoi sebagai biomulsa berpotensi menekan pertumbuhan gulma dan memperbaiki sifat kimia tanah. Penelitian ini bertujuan menganalisis pengaruh jarak tanam A. pintoi terhadap pertumbuhan vegetatif (panjang tanaman, diameter batang, jumlah cabang, dan jumlah daun), laju penutupan tajuk, peningkatan bahan organik tanah, dan efektivitas penekanan gulma pada kopi arabika TBM I. Rancangan Acak Kelompok Lengkap (RKLT) dengan satu faktor yaitu jarak tanam dan tiga perlakuan: kontrol (P0), A. pintoi dengan jarak tanam 20 × 20 cm (P1), dan 40 × 40 cm (P2). Hasil menunjukkan jarak tanam 40 × 40 cm menghasilkan pertumbuhan vegetatif lebih optimal, sedangkan jarak tanam 20 × 20 cm menghasilkan laju penutupan tajuk lebih tinggi (49,67% pada 12 MST). Perlakuan 20 × 20 cm efektif menekan gulma paku-pakuan pada 5 MST dan rumput pada 15 MST, sementara perlakuan 40 × 40 cm efektif menekan gulma daun lebar dan paku-pakuan pada 5 MST. A. pintoi berpotensi meningkatkan pH tanah menjadi 5,29 dan mempertahankan kadar bahan organik.

Weeds constrain Arabica coffee growth through competition for essential resources. Arachis pintoi, when utilized as biomulch, has potential to suppress weed development and improve soil chemical properties. This study aimed to evaluate the effect of A. pintoi planting distance on vegetative growth (plant height, stem diameter, number of branches, and number of leaves), canopy cover, soil organic matter, and weed suppression effectiveness in Arabica coffee TBM I. A Completely Randomized Block Design (CRBD) was applied with one factor, planting distance, and three treatments: control (P0), A. pintoi with a spacing of 20 × 20 cm (P1), and 40 × 40 cm (P2). Results indicated that a 40 × 40 cm spacing promoted more favorable vegetative growth, whereas a 20 × 20 cm spacing produced a higher canopy cover (49,67% at 12 WAP). The 20 × 20 cm treatment effectively suppressed broadleaf weeds at 5 WAP and grasses at 15 WAP, while the 40 × 40 cm treatment was effective against both broadleaf weeds and grasses at 5 WAP. A. pintoi also showed potential to increase soil pH (5.29) and maintain high organic matter levels.