Analisis Pengembangan Model Inkubator Berbasis Hasil Litbang

Abstract

Rendahnya tingkat komersialisasi hasil riset di Indonesia menjadi persoalan krusial dalam pembangunan ekonomi berbasis inovasi. Inkubator berbasis hasil Litbang seharusnya memainkan peran sentral dalam menjembatani temuan riset menuju pasar, namun kinerjanya masih belum optimal. Salah satu program nasional, Gerakan 1000 Startup Digital, menunjukkan bahwa hanya sekitar 10% dari startup binaannya yang mampu bertahan. Selain itu, kelembagaan inkubator di Indonesia, baik di sektor publik maupun swasta, belum memiliki kerangka operasional yang sistematis dan adaptif terhadap dinamika pasar dan teknologi. Berangkat dari kondisi tersebut, penelitian ini berupaya merumuskan analisis pengembangan model inkubator berbasis hasil Litbang yang relevan dengan kebutuhan ekosistem inovasi nasional. Metode yang digunakan mencakup kajian literatur sistematis (SLR) terhadap model global, yaitu Brasil dan Thailand, analisis faktor eksternal melalui pendekatan PESTLE, serta wawancara mendalam dan FGD dengan dua inkubator di Indonesia (BRIN dan Nano Group). Hasil analisis menunjukkan bahwa ketimpangan struktur kelembagaan, lemahnya dukungan regulasi, dan kurangnya integrasi pemangku kepentingan menjadi penghambat utama. Untuk menjawab tantangan tersebut, dikembangkanlah model inkubasi berbasis Agile Stage-Gate yang terdiri dari enam tahap yang dimulai dari stage 0: Ideation & Team Formation, stage 1: Proof of Concept, stage 2: Development, stage 3: Test & Validation, stage 4: Launch, hingga stage 5: Scale-Up & Exit Preparation. Setiap tahappan dilengkapi dengan evaluasi TRL (Technology Readiness Level) dan CRL (Commercial Readiness Level) pada setiap gate. Model ini juga menekankan pentingnya peran aktif pemerintah, industri, dan universitas, serta dukungan seperti mentoring, IP/legal support, fasilitas R&D, dan pendanaan awal. Analisis model yang dihasilkan diharapkan menjadi acuan dalam pengembangan sistem inkubasi Litbang yang lebih adaptif, kolaboratif, dan berorientasi pada hilirisasi inovasi di Indonesia.

Indonesia continues to face a significant challenge in commercializing its research outputs. Despite various national initiatives, such as the 1000 Startup Movement, only about 10% of early-stage startups survive beyond initial incubation, underscoring the limited effectiveness of current incubation models. Public and private R&D-based incubators in the country often lack structured processes and fail to respond dynamically to market and technological uncertainties. To address this gap, the study seeks to develop an analysis incubation model tailored for research-based startups. The methodology combines a systematic literature review (SLR) of global R&D incubation models, namely from Brazil and Thailand, with in-depth interviews and focus group discussions involving two Indonesian incubators: BRIN and Nano Group Indonesia. The external environmental context was analyzed using the PESTLE framework. The findings reveal institutional fragmentation, weak policy support, and limited stakeholder integration as key barriers. In response, a six-stage model start with stage 0: Ideation & Team Formation, stage 1: Proof of Concept, stage 2: Development, stage 3: Test & Validation, stage 4: Launch, and stage 5: Scale-Up & Exit Preparation was formulated in the Agile Stage-Gate framework. The model embeds TRL (Technology Readiness Level) and CRL (Commercial Readiness Level) evaluations at each gate, and emphasizes stakeholder collaboration (government, academia, and industry) alongside key supports such as mentoring, legal/IP assistance, access to R&D infrastructure, and seed funding. This analysis model is proposed as a contextual reference to enhance the performance of R&D- based incubators in Indonesia, enabling a more adaptive, collaborative, and market- driven approach to innovation commercialization.