Dampak Program Tiga Juta Rumah terhadap Pendapatan Sektoral dan Distribusi Pendapatan di Indonesia

Abstract

Program Tiga Juta Rumah merupakan strategi pemerintah Indonesia untuk mengurangi backlog perumahan dan meningkatkan akses masyarakat terhadap hunian layak dan terjangkau. Sejak 2015, program ini dilaksanakan dengan nama program sejuta rumah, namun hingga kini masih menghadapi tantangan struktural berupa ketimpangan pendapatan yang tercermin dari rasio gini Indonesia yang tetap berada pada kategori sedang sejak 2020, hal ini menandakan distribusi manfaat program belum merata. Penelitian ini bertujuan mengevaluasi implementasi Program Tiga Juta Rumah dan menganalisis dampak investasinya terhadap pendapatan sektor ekonomi dan distribusi pendapatan rumah tangga. Metode yang digunakan yaitu analisis deskriptif dan analisis dampak kebijakan berbasis Tabel SNSE Indonesia 2022 ukuran 84 x 84. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan program ini berkontribusi positif pada peningkatan persentase rumah tangga dengan akses hunian layak. Investasi program juga berdampak terhadap peningkatan pendapatan sektor konstruksi dan sektor terkait, serta mendorong kenaikan pendapatan yang relatif kecil di seluruh golongan rumah tangga.

The Three Million Houses Program was an Indonesian government strategy to reduce the housing backlog and improve public access to decent and affordable housing. Since 2015, this program had been implemented under the name One Million Houses Program, but it still faced structural challenges in the form of income inequality, as reflected in Indonesia’s Gini ratio, which had remained at a moderate level since 2020. This indicated that the distribution of the program’s benefits had not been equitable. This study aimed to evaluate the implementation of the Three Million Houses Program and analyze the impact of its investment on sectoral income and household income distribution. The method used was descriptive analysis and policy impact analysis based on Indonesia’s 2022 Social Accounting Matrix (SAM) Table sized 84 x 84. The results showed that this program had contributed positively to increasing the percentage of households with access to decent housing. The program's investment also contributed to increased income in the construction sector and related sectors, as well as drove a relatively small income increase across all household groups.