Please use this identifier to cite or link to this item: http://repository.ipb.ac.id/handle/123456789/169900
Title: Optimasi Dosis Pupuk Majemuk NPK terhadap Peningkatan Produktivitas Kelapa Sawit (Elaeis guineensis Jacq.) Umur Sebelas Tahun
Other Titles: Optimization of Compound NPK Fertilizer Dosage to Enhance the Productivity of 11-Year-Old Oil Palm (Elaeis guineensis Jacq.) Trees
Authors: Supijatno
Sudradjat
Oktavian, Aldi
Issue Date: 2025
Publisher: IPB University
Abstract: Pemupukan yang tepat merupakan faktor kunci dalam peningkatan produktivitas tanaman kelapa sawit. Namun, penggunaan pupuk anorganik yang berlebihan sering digunakan di kalangan petani. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menentukan dosis optimum pupuk NPK dan efektivitasnya dalam meningkatkan produktivitas kelapa sawit. Penelitian ini dilaksanakan bulan November 2023 - Oktober 2024. Penelitian menggunakan Rancangan Kelompok Lengkap Teracak satu faktor, P0= kontrol, P1= pupuk standar (Urea 2,8 + SP-27 2,4 + KCl 3,4 + Kiserit 1,5 (kg tanaman-1 tahun-1)), pupuk Majemuk NPK (P2= 3,1 kg, P3= 6,2 kg, P4= 9,3 kg, P5= 12,4 kg (tanaman-1 tahun-1)). Bahan yang digunakan adalah pupuk Urea, KCl, SP-27, Kiserit, pupuk NPK, plastik, dan kelapa sawit varietas Dami Mas tanaman menghasilkan umur sebelas tahun (TM 8). Alat digunakan adalah traktor, timbangan gantung, egrek, gancu, APD, ember, dan bor tanah. Pengamatan dilakukan pada jumlah pelepah, sex ratio, kadar hara jaringan daun, bobot tandan buah segar, jumlah tandan buah segar dipanen, bobot janjang rata-rata, produktivitas, dan perhitunga neraca hara (N, P, K) tanaman, serta menghitung efektivitas pupuk menggunakan Relative Agronomic Effectiveness (RAE). Hasil dari penelitian menunjukkan bahwa pupuk NPK dapat meningkatkan bobot tandan buah segar (TBS) dan bobot janjang rata-rata (BJR) kelapa sawit umur sebelas tahun (TM 8) lebih tinggi dibandingkan kontrol dan perlakuan lainnya. Pada peubah produktivitas dengan perlakuan 9,3 kg tanaman-1 tahun-1 menghasilkan produktivitas tertinggi jika dibandingkan dengan kontrol dan perlakuan lainnya yaitu sebesar 27,16 ton ha-1 tahun-1 meskipun tidak berbeda nyata secara statistik. Dosis optimum yang didapatkan dari peubah bobot TBS dan bobot BJR untuk pupuk NPK secara kuadratik adalah sebesar 8,32 kg tanaman-1 tahun-1. Berdasarkan perhitungan Relative Agronomic Effectiveness (RAE) pemupukan dengan dosis 9,3 kg tanaman-1 tahun-1 menunjukkan nilai RAE tertinggi yaitu 120,65% yang berarti perlakuan tersebut efektif secara agronomi dan mampu meningkatkan hasil 1,2 kali lebih besar jika dibandingkan dengan pupuk standar.
However, excessive use of inorganic fertilizers is often used by farmers. This study aims to determine the optimum dose of NPK fertilizer and its effectiveness in increasing oil palm productivity. This research was conducted from November 2023 to October 2024. The study used one-factor Randomized Complete Group Design, P0 = control, P1 = standard fertilizer Urea 2.8 + SP-27 2.4 + KCl 3.4 + Kiserit 1.5 (kg plant-1 year-1), P2 = 3.1 kg, P3 = 6.2 kg, P4 = 9.3 kg, P5 = 12.4 kg (plant-1 year-1). Materials used were Urea, KCl, SP-27, Kiserit, compound NPK (13-8-27+4MgO+0.65B), plastic, and eleven-year-old Dami Mas oil palm (TM 8). Tools used were tractor, hanging scales, egrek, gancu, PPE, buckets, and soil drills. Observations were made on the number of midribs, sex ratio, leaf tissue nutrient content, fresh fruit bunch weight, number of fresh fruit bunches harvested, average basket weight, productivity, and nutrient balance calculation (N, P, K) of plants. Furthermore, fertilizer effectiveness is calculated using Relative Agronomic Effectiveness. The results of the study showed that compound NPK fertilizer (13-8-27+4MgO+0.65B) can increase the weight of fresh fruit bunches (TBS) and average basket weight (BJR) at the age of eleven years (TM 8) higher than the control and other treatments. On the variable productivity with the treatment of 9.3 kg plant ha-1 year-1 produced the highest productivity when compared to the control and other treatments which amounted to 27,16 tons ha-1 year-1 although not statistically significantly different. The optimum dose obtained from the variables of TBS weight and BJR weight for compound NPK fertilizer (13-8-27+4MgO+0.65B) in a quadratically is 8.32 kg plant-1 year-1. Based on the calculation of Relative Agronomic Effectiveness (RAE) fertilization with NPK dose of 9.3 kg plant-1 year-1 showed the highest RAE value of 120,65% which means that the treatment is agronomically effective and able to increase the yield 1.2 times greater when compared to the increase in yield of the comparison to the standart.
URI: http://repository.ipb.ac.id/handle/123456789/169900
Appears in Collections:MT - Agriculture

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