Profil Petani dan Pertanian Padi Sawah di Kecamatan Padang Timur, Kota Padang

Abstract

Pertanian padi di Kecamatan Padang Timur mencerminkan kondisi sosial ekonomi dan budaya petani setempat yang khas. Para petani tidak hanya menghadapi tantangan teknis seperti serangan organisme pengganggu tumbuhan (OPT) dan perubahan iklim, tetapi juga tantangan seperti kepemilikan lahan yang sempit, keterbatasan akses terhadap teknologi pertanian modern, dan rendahnya intensitas penyuluhan. Kondisi ini berdampak pada pola budidaya, penggunaan sarana produksi, serta strategi pengelolaan pertanian yang diterapkan oleh petani. Kompleksitas kondisi pertanian dan keberagaman karakteristik petani di Kecamatan Padang Timur, diperlukan pemahaman yang mendalam tentang profil petani dan sistem pertanian yang mereka terapkan. Informasi ini penting sebagai dasar untuk merancang program peningkatan kapasitas petani, penyuluhan pertanian yang lebih tepat sasaran, serta kebijakan pertanian yang mendukung keberlanjutan produksi pangan lokal di tengah tekanan urbanisasi. Berdasarkan uraian tersebut, penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengkaji profil petani dan pertanian padi sawah di Kecamatan Padang Timur, Kota Padang. Penelitian dilaksanakan pada bulan Maret-April 2025 menggunakan metode purposive sampling dengan jumlah responden sebanyak 60 orang petani padi. Teknik pengumpulan data meliputi wawancara terstruktur, wawancara mendalam, dan observasi lapangan. Data dianalisis secara deskriptif kuantitatif dan kualitatif untuk mengidentifikasi karakteristik petani, sistem budi daya, penggunaan sarana produksi, serta kendala dan kebutuhan di lapangan. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa Profil petani padi Kecamatan Padang Timur didominasi usia >55 tahun (61,66%), laki-laki (71,66%), keluarga 4–5 orang (53,33%), berpendidikan SMA (53%), penerus usaha (81,66%). Lahan 0,8 ha (38%), irigasi teknis (91%), OPT utama wereng (100%), kendali pestisida sintetik, pupuk urea–KCl dominan. Kata kunci: profil petani, padi sawah, pertanian perkotaan

Rice farming in Padang Timur District reflects the distinctive socioeconomic and cultural characteristics of local farmers. They face not only technical challenges such as pest attacks and climate change, but also issues such as limited land ownership, restricted access to modern agricultural technology, and low frequency of agricultural extension services. These conditions affect cultivation patterns, the use of production inputs, and the farming management strategies implemented by farmers. Given the complexity of agricultural conditions and the diversity of farmer characteristics in Padang Timur District, an in-depth understanding of farmers’ profiles and the farming systems they apply is necessary. Such information is crucial as a basis for designing capacity-building programs, more targeted agricultural extension, and agricultural policies that support the sustainability of local food production amid urbanization pressures. Based on this background, the study aims to examine the profile of farmers and rice farming in Padang Timur District, Padang City. The research was conducted from March to April 2025 using a purposive sampling method with a total of 60 rice farmer respondents. Data collection techniques included structured interviews, in-depth interviews, and field observations. Data were analyzed descriptively, both quantitatively and qualitatively, to identify farmer characteristics, cultivation systems, use of production inputs, as well as constraints and needs in the field. The results showed that rice farmers in Padang Timur District are predominantly aged over 55 years (61.66%), male (71.66%), with 4–5 family members (53.33%), high school education (53%), and have successors in farming (81.66%). Most cultivate 0.8 ha of land (38%), use technical irrigation (91%), face brown planthopper as the main pest (100%), rely on synthetic pesticides for pest control, and predominantly use urea–KCl fertilizers. Keywords; farmer profile, rice farming, urban agriculture