Pemanfaatan Maggot Black Soldier Fly (BSF) dalam Biokonversi Limbah Organik sebagai Pakan Alternatif untuk Ikan Lele

Abstract

Aktivitas peternakan ayam berpotensi meningkatkan timbulan limbah organik dari kotoran ayam. Solusi yang dapat dilakukan dengan biokonversi oleh maggot Black Soldier Fly (BSF). Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menyusun neraca massa, mengevaluasi efektivitas biokonversi oleh maggot BSF, dan menilai potensinya sebagai pakan alternatif untuk ikan lele (Clarias sp.). Proses biokonversi 14 hari dengan pemantauan kondisi lingkungan suhu dan kelembaban. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan, neraca massa proses biokonversi dari 10.875 gram limbah ditambah 2 gram telur maggot menghasilkan 1.441,4 gram biomassa maggot. Maggot BSF mampu mereduksi limbah hingga 42,05% dengan indeks WRI 3,00%/hari dan ECD 31,45%. Maggot kemudian diproses menjadi tepung dan diformulasikan ke dalam 3 jenis formulasi. Hasil uji proksimat tepung maggot dengan persentase berbeda P1(72,30%), P2(56,92%), dan P3(41,53) diperoleh kadar protein 16,52-17,09%, kadar lemak 18,9-25,1%, kadar abu 6,88-7,57%, dan kadar air 6,88-7,57%. Berdasarkan SNI 9043-4:2022, lemak, kadar abu, dan kadar air telah memenuhi standar mutu, sedangkan kadar protein belum memenuhi standar mutu. Penelitian ini menunjukkan potensi maggot BSF mengolah limbah organik kotoran ayam dan menjadi alternatif pakan yang berkelanjutan.

The increasing activity of poultry farming has the potential to increase the generation of organic waste, particularly from chicken manure, which poses a challenge in its management. One potential solution is bioconversion using Black Soldier Fly (BSF) larvae. This study aims to develop a mass balance, evaluate the effectiveness bioconversion using BSF larvae, and assess its potential as an alternative feed for catfish (Clarias sp.). The bioconversion process was carried out for 14 days with monitoring of environmental conditions such as temperature and humidity. The results showed that 10,875 grams of chicken manure combined with 2 grams of BSF eggs produced 1,441.4 grams of maggot biomass. BSF larvae were able to reduce waste by 42.05%, with a WRI of 3.00%/day and an ECD of 31.45%. The harvested larvae were processed into maggot meal and formulated into three types of feed P1 (72.30%), P2 (56.92%), and P3 (41.53%). Proximate analysis showed protein content of 16.52–17.09%, fat 18.9–25.1%, ash 6.88–7.57%, and moisture 6.88–7.57%. According to SNI 9043-4:2022, the fat, ash, and moisture contents met the quality standards, while the protein content did not. This study demonstrates the potential of BSF larvae to process organic chicken manure waste and serve as a sustainable alternative feed for aquaculture.