Hubungan Tingkat Stres, Kontribusi Energi dari Protein, Lemak, serta Karbohidrat, dan Status Gizi Remaja

Abstract

Masa remaja merupakan periode pertumbuhan pesat yang rentan terhadap masalah gizi, seperti kegemukan. Oleh karena itu, pemenuhan zat gizi makro terhadap kebutuhan energi yang optimal sangat penting. Stres akademik menjadi faktor risiko yang memengaruhi perilaku makan dan status gizi remaja. Penelitian ini bertujuan menganalisis perbedaan karakteristik sosial ekonomi keluarga, karakteristik subjek, tingkat stres, dan konsumsi pangan antara kelompok kegemukan dan normal, serta menganalisis hubungan tingkat stres dengan kontribusi energi dari protein, lemak, dan karbohidrat, dan hubungan kontribusi energi dari protein, lemak, dan karbohidrat dengan status gizi pada remaja. Desain penelitian ini adalah comparative cross sectional study dengan subjek berjumlah 219 siswa di SMA Kosgoro, Kota Bogor. Pengumpulan data dilakukan melalui pengisian kuesioner, pengukuran antropometri, dan 2x24 jam food recall secara langsung. Penelitian ini dilakukan pada bulan Desember 2024–Januari 2025. Hasil analisis menunjukkan proporsi subjek laki-laki pada kelompok kegemukan (50,0%) signifikan lebih tinggi dibandingkan kelompok normal (34,2%), sedangkan proporsi subjek perempuan pada kelompok normal (65,8%) signifikan lebih tinggi dibandingkan kelompok kegemukan (50,0%). Tingkat stres berkorelasi signifikan positif dengan kontribusi energi dari protein dan lemak (p<0,05). Kontribusi energi dari karbohidrat berkorelasi signifikan negatif dengan status gizi (p<0,05).

Adolescence is a period of rapid growth and is particularly vulnerable to nutritional problems, such as being overweight and obese. Therefore, it is crucial to meet macronutrient contributions to energy requirements during this stage optimally. Academic stress is a risk factor that can influence adolescents' eating behaviours and overall nutritional status. This study analyses the differences in family socioeconomic characteristics, subject characteristics, stress levels, and food consumption between the overweight and obese and the normal groups. Additionally, it aims to analyse the relationship between stress levels and energy contribution from protein, fat, and carbohydrate, as well as the relationship between energy contribution from protein, fat, and carbohydrate and nutritional status among adolescents. The research design was comparative cross-sectional and involved 219 students from SMA Kosgoro in Bogor City. Data collection included direct completion of questionnaires, anthropometric measurements, and a 2x24-hour food recall. The research was conducted from December 2024 to January 2025. The analysis results showed that the proportion of male subjects in the overweight and obese group (50.0%) was significantly higher than the proportion in the normal group (34.2%), while the proportion of female subjects in the normal group (65.8%) was significantly higher than the proportion in the overweight and obese group (50.0%). Stress levels were significantly positively correlated with energy contribution from protein and fat (p<0.05). The energy contribution from carbohydrates was significantly negatively correlated with nutritional status (p<0.05).