Pengaruh Kondisi Naungan dan Tanpa Naungan Terhadap Efesiensi Fotosintesis dan Distribusi Stomata Tanaman Teh (Camelia sinensis)

Abstract

Penelitian bertujuan mengetahui pengaruh pohon penaung terhadap kondisi iklim mikro, respon stomata, dan efisiensi fotosintesis tanaman teh (Camellia sinensis L.) klon GMB 7. Penelitian dilaksanakan di kebun teh Malabar, PTPN I Regional 2, Kabupaten Bandung, Juli-September 2024. Parameter iklim mikro diukur menggunakan Automatic Weather System (AWS), stomata diamati dengan metode replika, dan efisiensi fotosintesis diukur menggunakan Pocket PEA Chlorophyll Fluorimeter. Lokasi dibagi menjadi dua kondisi: tanpa penaung dan ternaungi pohon Silver oak (Grevillea robusta). Pohon penaung menurunkan suhu dan radiasi siang hari serta menjaga suhu malam. Stomata terbuka lebih banyak pada tanaman tanpa penaung, namun efisiensi fotosintesis lebih tinggi pada tanaman ternaungi dengan nilai Fv/Fm yang lebih optimal. Pohon penaung menciptakan kondisi mikroklimat stabil dan mendukung efisiensi fisiologis tanaman teh.

This research investigated the effect of shade trees on microclimate conditions, stomatal response, and photosynthetic efficiency of tea plants (Camellia sinensis L.) clone GMB 7. The study was conducted at Malabar tea plantation, PTPN I Regional 2, Bandung Regency, from July to September 2024. Microclimate parameters were measured using Automatic Weather System (AWS), stomata were observed using replica method, and photosynthetic efficiency was measured using Pocket PEA Chlorophyll Fluorimeter. The research site was divided into two conditions: unshaded and shaded by Silver oak (Grevillea robusta) trees. Shade trees reduced daytime temperature and radiation while maintained nighttime temperature. Open stomata were more abundant in unshaded plants, but photosynthetic efficiency was higher in shaded plants with more optimal Fv/Fm values. Shade trees created stable microclimate conditions and supported physiological efficiency of tea plants.