Pengaruh Silika dan Media Tanam terhadap Pertumbuhan Dendrobium violaceoflavens pada Tahap Aklimatisasi

Abstract

Tahap aklimatisasi merupakan fase kritis dalam budidaya anggrek hasil kultur jaringan yang menentukan keberhasilan pertumbuhan tanaman di lingkungan nonaseptik. Salah satu faktor penting dalam menunjang keberhasilan aklimatisasi adalah media tanam. Penelitian ini bertujuan mengevaluasi pengaruh konsentrasi silika dan jenis media tanam terhadap pertumbuhan anggrek Dendrobium violaceoflavens pada tahap aklimatisasi. Penelitian dilaksanakan di Kebun Percobaan Leuwikopo IPB menggunakan rancangan petak terbagi (Split Plot Design) dengan faktor utama berupa konsentrasi silika (0; 10; 20; 30 mg l-1) dan anak petak berupa media tanam (sphagnum moss, akar kadaka, sabut kelapa). Parameter yang diamati meliputi jumlah daun, tinggi tanaman, ketebalan epidermis, kerapatan stomata, dan persentase hidup. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa perlakuan silika tidak memberikan pengaruh nyata terhadap seluruh parameter pertumbuhan. Media tanam memberikan pengaruh sangat nyata terhadap seluruh parameter, dengan sabut kelapa menghasilkan persentase hidup dan ketebalan epidermis tertinggi dan akar kadaka memberikan hasil terbaik untuk, jumlah daun tinggi tanaman, kerapatan stomata, serta ketebalan epidermis. Interaksi antara silika dan media tanam hanya berpengaruh nyata terhadap ketebalan epidermis. Hasil ini menunjukkan bahwa media tanam memiliki peran utama dalam menunjang keberhasilan aklimatisasi anggrek Dendrobiuum violaceoflavens.

The acclimatization stage is a critical phase in tissue culture orchid cultivation that determines the success of plant growth in a non-aseptic environment. One important factor in supporting the success of acclimatization is the planting medium. This study aims to evaluate the effect of silica concentration and type of planting medium on the growth of Dendrobium violaceoflavens orchids during the acclimatization stage. The study was conducted at the Leuwikopo Experimental Garden of IPB using a split plot design with the main factor being silica concentration (0; 10; 20; 30 mg l-1) and the subplots being planting media (sphagnum moss, kadaka roots, coconut fiber). The parameters observed included the number of leaves, plant height, epidermis thickness, stomatal density, and survival percentage. The results showed that silica treatment did not have a significant effect on all growth parameters. The planting medium had a very significant effect on all parameters, with coconut fiber producing the highest survival percentage and epidermis thickness and kadaka roots providing the best results for, number of leaves, plant height, stomatal density, and epidermis thickness. The interaction between silica and the growing medium only significantly affected the thickness of the epidermis. These results indicate that the growing medium plays a major role in supporting the successful acclimatization of Dendrobium violaceoflavens orchids.