Perencanaan Lanskap Urban Farming Berbasis Masyarakat untuk Mendukung Ketahanan Pangan di Kota Kupang, NTT

Abstract

RIZQI AULIA FAJARWATI HASSAN. Perencanaan Lanskap Urban Farming Berbasis Masyarakat untuk Mendukung Ketahanan Pangan di Kota Kupang, Nusa Tenggara Timur. Dibimbing oleh TATI BUDIARTI dan AFRA DN MAKALEW. Meningkatnya pertumbuhan penduduk menjadi isu perkotaan yang tidak dapat dihindari, begitu juga yang terjadi di Kota Kupang. Urbanisasi yang terjadi memunculkan masalah semakin berkurangnya ketersediaan lahan di Kota Kupang untuk kegiatan pertanian, yang berujung pada masalah ketersediaan dan kecukupan pangan bagi masyarakat hingga mempengaruhi ekonomi masyarakat di Kota Kupang. Salah satu solusi dalam menjawab masalah tersebut dengan penerapan urban farming. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengidentifikasi lokasi potensial penerapan urban farming, mengidentifikasi pelaksanaan kegiatan urban farming yang sudah dilakukan, menganalisis preferensi masyarakat terhadap kegiatan urban farming, dan menyusun konsep dan perencanaan lanskap urban farming yang sesuai dengan Lokasi potensial dan preferensi masyarakat. Penelitian dilakukan di Kota Kupang pada bulan Juni 2023 hingga Juli 2024. Data dikumpulkan melalui studi literatur, survey, wawancara, dan kuesioner pada 150 responden kelompok tani, kemudian dianalisis spasial dengan GIS dan analisis deskriptif serta menggunakan uji Chi-Square untuk melihat kekuatan hubungan antar dua variable. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan terdapat 45 (empat puluh lima) lokasi potensial urban farming di Kota Kupang, diantaranya 11 lokasi kategori sedang; 27 lokasi kategori luas; dan 7 lokasi kategori sangat luas. Lokasi potensial urban farming ini tersebar pada 3 (tiga) kecamatan yaitu Kecamatan Alak, Kecamatan Maulafa, dan Kecamatan Oebobo. Berdasarkan fakta di lapangan pelaksanaan kegiatan urban farming di Kota Kupang sudah cukup baik, ditunjukkan dengan adanya kegiatan aktif pemerintah terhadap masyarakat. Berdasarkan hasil kuesioner didapatkan Masyarakat prefer menggunakan lahan pribadi dan lingkungan berizin sebagai tempat urban farming. Masyarakat pada kecamatan Alak dan Maulafa prefer menanam tanaman sayur daun dan pati, sedangkan kecamatan Oebobo menanam tanaman hias daun cantik dan sayur daun. Masyarakat prefer menanam dengan Teknik konvensional (langsung di tanah) dan di pot/polybag. Berdasarkan hasil tersebut konsep dasar perencanaan lanskap urban farming di Kota Kupang diarahkan pada budidaya pertanian lahan kering tanaman hortikultural musiman untuk ketahanan pangan rumah tangga. Perencanaan lanskap urban farming menggunakan 3 (tiga) tapak model, yaitu kategori sedang, luas, dan sangat luas. Perencanaan lanskap urban farming berbasis lokasi potensial dan preferensi masyarakat ini diharapkan dapat mendukung ketahanan pangan rumah tangga masyarakat di Kota Kupang.

RIZQI AULIA FAJARWATI HASSAN. Community-Based Urban Farming Landscape Planning to Support Food Security in Kupang City, East Nusa Tenggara. Supervised by TATI BUDIARTI dan AFRA DN MAKALEW. The increasing population growth has become an unavoidable urban issue, as seen in Kupang City. Urbanization brings new challenges to Kupang City. Especially the decreasing availability and sufficiency of food, as well as the economic conditions of the Kupang City community. One approach to tackle this issue is through the establishment of urban farming. The purpose of this research is to pinpoint suitable sites for urban farming, catalog current urban farming initiatives, assess community preferences regarding urban farming activities, and create a concept and landscape plan for urban farming that corresponds with the identified locations and community preferences. The research was carried out in Kupang City from June 2023 to July 2024. Data were gathered through a review of existing literature, as well as through surveys, interviews, and questionnaires administered to 150 respondents belonging to farming groups. The data were subsequently analyzed using Geographic Information Systems (GIS) for spatial analysis, in addition to descriptive statistical methods, and the Chi-Square test was employed to evaluate the strength of the correlation between the two variables. The results show that 45 possible sites for urban farming, which encompass 11 sites classified as medium-sized, 27 as large-sized, and 7 as very large-sized. These viable locations for urban farming are distributed across three sub-districts: Alak, Maulafa, and Oebobo. Observations gathered in the field suggest that the execution of urban farming initiatives in Kupang City is relatively effective, as evidenced by the proactive involvement of the government with the local community. Results from the administered questionnaire indicate a community inclination towards utilizing private and legally designated areas for urban farming endeavors. Residents in the Alak and Maulafa sub-districts exhibit a preference for cultivating leafy vegetables and starchy crops, whereas those in Oebobo tend to grow attractive ornamental plants alongside leafy vegetables. The community favors traditional planting methods, such as direct sowing in the soil and utilizing pots or polybags. In light of these findings, the foundational approach to the planning of urban farming landscapes in Kupang City focuses on the cultivation of seasonal horticultural crops on dryland to enhance household food security. The planning framework incorporates three categories of model sites—medium, large, and very large. It is anticipated that urban farming landscape planning will bolster household food security in Kupang City, guided by the identified potential sites and the preferences expressed by the community.