Karakterisasi Trichoderma sp. Kitinolitik sebagai Pengendali Cendawan Fusarium sp. F1

Abstract

Trichoderma sp. kitinolitik dapat dimanfaatkan sebagai agen hayati karena kemampuannya menghasilkan enzim kitinase yang berfungsi menghambat pertumbuhan cendawan lawan. Penelitian ini bertujuan menganalisis potensi Trichoderma sp. T2J dalam menghambat pertumbuhan Fusarium sp. F1 melalui uji antagonis dan melakukan karakterisasi enzim kitinase Trichoderma sp. T2J berdasarkan aktivitas spesifik, masa inkubasi, serta pH dan suhu optimum. Metode penelitian diawali dengan karakterisasi morfologi isolat cendawan, pembuatan koloidal kitin dan media produksi enzim, uji antagonis (uji tantang dan enzim ekstrak kasar), pembuatan kurva pertumbuhan dan aktivitas spesifik enzim, hingga karakterisasi pH dan suhu. Hasil menunjukkan bahwa uji tantang menghasilkan zona hambat tertinggi sebesar 52,9% dengan rata-rata 40%, sementara supernatan tidak memberikan efek penghambatan. Pertumbuhan maksimum Trichoderma sp. T2J berada pada hari ke-6 dengan nilai aktivitas spesifik enzim 2,426 U/mg, pH dan suhu optimum aktivitas enzim berada pada pH 6 dan 50°C. Kultur Trichoderma sp. T2J hanya menunjukkan potensi penghambatannya terhadap Fusarium sp. F1 melalui uji tantang dengan kategori sedang dan aktivitas enzim spesifiknya yang rendah.

Chitinolytic Trichoderma sp. can be utilized as a biological control agent due to its ability to produce chitinase enzymes, which function to inhibit the growth of competing fungi. This study aimed to analyze the potential of Trichoderma sp. T2J in inhibiting the growth of Fusarium sp. F1 through antagonistic assays and to characterize the chitinase enzyme of Trichoderma sp. T2J based on specific activity, incubation period, and optimal pH and temperature. The research began with morphological characterization of fungal isolates, preparation of colloidal chitin and enzyme production media, antagonistic tests (dual culture assay and crude enzyme extract assay), determination of growth curves and specific enzyme activity, and characterization of pH and temperature optimal. Results showed that the dual culture assay produced the highest inhibition zone of 52.9% with an average of 40%, while the supernatant had no inhibitory effect. Maximum growth of Trichoderma sp. T2J occurred on day six, with a specific enzyme activity value of 2.426 U/mg. The enzyme exhibited optimal activity at a pH of 6 and a temperature of 50°C. Trichoderma sp. T2J culture demonstrated inhibitory potential against Fusarium sp. F1 only through the dual culture assay, classified as moderate, with relatively low specific enzyme activity.