Pengaruh Konsentrasi KOH Arang Aktif dari Cangkang Kelapa Sawit dan Kapasitas Adsorpsinya untuk Biru Metilena

Abstract

VANYA NIRMALA. Pengaruh Konsentrasi KOH Arang Aktif dari Cangkang Kelapa Sawit dan Kapasitas Adsorpsinya untuk Biru Metilena. Dibimbing oleh ZAENAL ABIDIN dan TRIVADILA.

Pencemaran air akibat limbah industri tekstil menjadi masalah lingkungan yang serius karena kandungan zat warna sintetik seperti biru metilena yang bersifat toksik dan sulit terdegradasi. Selain itu, cangkang sawit menghasilkan limbah biomassa dan mengandung lignoselulosa yang tinggi, yang berpotensi dijadikan arang. Penelitian ini bertujuan memanfaatkan limbah cangkang kelapa sawit sebagai bahan baku arang aktif dengan meragamkan larutan aktivator dengan konsentrasi 0,25 M, 1 M, dan 3 M serta suhu pirolisis 400 °C dan 500 °C untuk menguji efektivitas kapasitas adsorpsinya terhadap biru metilena. Parameter uji meliputi kadar air, kadar abu, dan daya serap iodin sesuai dengan SNI 06-3730-1995, dan instrumen analitik spektrofotometer UV-Vis. Hasilnya menunjukkan bahwa aktivasi menggunakan KOH 3 M pada suhu 400 °C menghasilkan kapasitas adsorpsi tertinggi, 33,75 mg/g, dan rata-rata daya serap iodin mencapai 4183,59 mg/g. Semua sampel memenuhi kadar air sesuai standar dan sebagian besar memenuhi kadar abu serta daya serap iodin sesuai dengan SNI 06-3730-1995.

Kata kunci: adsorpsi, arang aktif, cangkang sawit

VANYA NIRMALA. The Effect of KOH Concentration on Activated Carbon Derived from Palm Kernel Shell and Adsorption Capacity for Methylene Blue. Supervised by ZAENAL ABIDIN and TRIVADILA. Water pollution from textile industry waste is a severe environmental issue due to the presence of hazardous synthetic dyes like methylene blue, which is difficult to break down. Furthermore, palm shells are biomass waste with a high lignocellulose content, making them suitable for charcoal production. This study seeks to use palm kernel shell waste as a raw material for activated charcoal by adjusting the activator solution concentrations of 0.25 M, 1 M, and 3 M, as well as the pyrolysis temperature of 400 °C and 500 °C, to examine the efficacy of the adsorption ability against methylene blue. SNI 06-3730-1995 specifies that activated charcoal is tested for water content, ash content, and iodine absorption capability. A UV-Vis spectrophotometer was used to measure adsorption results with various KOH concentrations and pyrolysis temperatures. The adsorption data showed that activation with 3 M KOH at 400 °C yielded the highest adsorption capacity of 33.75 mg/g, while the average iodine absorption capacity was 4183,59 mg/g. All samples fulfilled the standard water content, and most of them met the ash content and iodine absorption capability specified by SNI 06-3730-1995.

Keywords: activated carbon, adsorption, palm kernel shells