Please use this identifier to cite or link to this item:
http://repository.ipb.ac.id/handle/123456789/169417| Title: | Optimasi Dosis Pupuk N, P, dan K pada Tanaman Padi (Oryza sativa L.) Varietas IPB 13S |
| Other Titles: | Optimization of N, P, and K Fertilizer Doses in Rice Plants (Oryza sativa L.) IPB 13S Variety |
| Authors: | Junaedi, Ahmad Suwarto Aswidinnoor, Hajrial Maulidya, Sakinah |
| Issue Date: | 2025 |
| Publisher: | IPB University |
| Abstract: | Usaha peningkatan produktivitas padi terus dilakukan untuk mendukung
permenuhan kebutuhan beras, salah satunya dengan penggunaan varietas unggul
yang adaptif dan pemupukan berimbang. Pemupukan padi di Indonesia harus
dilakukan secara presisi untuk setiap varietas unggul baru. IPB 13S merupakan
varietas baru yang dirilis oleh IPB University. Nitrogen, fosfor dan kalium
merupakan unsur hara makro primer yang penting dan kadar optimumnya harus di
tentukan untuk meningkatkan perkembangan dan hasil padi. Selama ini, rekomdasi
pupuk N, P, dan K pada tanaman padi dianggap kurang optimal karena adanya
variasi tingkat kesuburan tanah di setiap wilayah dan perbedaan respon antar
varietas. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah menentukan dosis pupuk N, P, dan K
optimum untuk pertumbuhan dan produktivitas padi sawah varietas IPB 13S.
Penelitian ini dilaksanakan pada bulan Mei sampai dengan September 2024
di lahan percobaan Sawah Baru, Babakan Dramaga. Penelitian ini terdiri atas tiga
percobaan pararel yaitu percobaan pemupukan N, P2O5, dan K2O menggunakan
rancangan kelompok lengkap teracak dengan lima taraf pupuk yaitu 0, 50, 100, 150,
dan 200% dari dosis acuan. Dosis acuan yang digunakan adalah urea 350 kg ha-1
(161 kg N ha-1), SP-36 100 kg ha-1 (36 P2O5 ha-1), dan KCl 100 kg ha-1 (60 kg K2O
ha-1). Setiap perlakuan diulang sebanyak tiga kali, sehingga tiap seri percobaan
terdapat 15 unit percobaan masing-masing ukuran 3,5 m x 5 m. Pupuk urea
diaplikasikan tiga kali masing-masing 1/3 dosis pada 7, 28, dan 48 hari setelah
tanam (HST). Pupuk SP-36 diaplikasikan seluruhnya pada 7 HST. Pupuk KCl
diaplikasikan dua kali masing-masing ½ dosis pada 7 dan 48 HST.
Aplikasi pupuk N (0-322 kg ha-1), P2O5 (0-75 kg ha-1), dan kalium (0-120 kg
ha-1) dari dosis acuan berpengaruh terhadap parameter morfologi dan fisiologi
varietas padi IPB 13S. Peningkatan dosis N meningkatkan tinggi tanaman, jumlah
anakan pada (7 dan 13 MST), bobot kering tajuk saat panen, luas daun bendera,
nilai SPAD, laju pertumbuhan tanaman (LPT), dan laju asimilasi bersih (LAB) pada
fase primordia-heading dan heading-panen. Komponen hasil seperti jumlah malai
per rumpun, jumlah gabah per malai, dan hasil gabah kering panen dan giling per
7,92 m2, serta efisiensi penggunaan nitrogen juga menunjukan respon positif.
Aplikasi P2O5 berpengaruh terhadap tinggi tanaman (5-13 MST), jumlah anakan (4-
7 MST), nilai SPAD, LPT dan LAB pada fase heading- panen, efisiensi penggunaan
fosfor, komponen hasil, dan hasil gabah. Aplikasi K2O memengaruhi tinggi
tanaman (5-7 MST), jumlah anakan (4-5 MST), bobot kering tajuk fase heading,
luas daun bendera, nilai SPAD (fase heading), LPT dan LAB (fase heading-panen),
efisiensi penggunaan kalium, serta parameter hasil. Respon peubah tersebut
menunjukan pola kuadratik. Rekomendasi dosis pupuk optimum padi varietas IPB
13S berdasarkan proyeksi hasil gabah ha-1 ditetapkan sebesar 170 kg N ha?¹, 53 kg
P2O5 ha?¹, dan 71 kg K2O ha?¹. Efforts to increase rice productivity continue to be made to support the fulfillment of national rice demand, one of which is through the use of high-yielding, adaptive varieties and balanced fertilization. Rice fertilization in Indonesia must be carried out precisely for each newly developed superior variety. IPB 13S is a newly released variety by IPB University. Nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium are essential primary macronutrients, and their optimal levels must be determined to enhance the growth and yield of rice. Until now, fertilizer recommendations for N, P, and K in rice cultivation have often been considered suboptimal due to variations in soil fertility across regions and differences in varietal responses. The objective of this study was to determine the optimum rates of N, P, and K fertilizers for the growth and productivity of IPB 13S lowland rice. This research was conducted from May to September 2024 at the Sawah Baru experimental field, Babakan Dramaga. The experiments consisted of three parallel experiments, namely nitrogen (N), phosphorus (P), and potassium (K) fertilization trials, arranged in a randomized complete block design with five fertilizer levels: 0%, 50%, 100%, 150%, and 200% of the reference dose. The reference doses used were 350 kg ha?¹ of urea (equivalent to 161 kg N ha?¹), 100 kg ha?¹ of SP-36 (equivalent to 36 kg P2O5 ha?¹), and 100 kg ha?¹ of KCl (equivalent to 60 kg K2O ha?¹). Each treatment was replicated three times, resulting in 15 experimental units per trial, each measuring 3.5 m × 5 m. Urea was applied in three splits, each at one-third of the total dose, at 7, 28, and 48 days after transplanting (DAT). SP-36 was applied in full at 7 D, ATwhile KCl was applied in two splits, each at half of the total dose, at 7 and 48 DAT. Application of nitrogen (0–322 kg ha?¹), phosphorus (0–72 kg P2O5 ha?¹), and potassium (0–120 kg K2O ha?¹) significantly influenced multiple agronomic and physiological parameters of the IPB 13S rice variety. Increasing N rates improved plant height, tiller number (7 and 13 WAT), shoot dry weight at harvest, flag leaf area, SPAD value, crop growth rate (CGR), and net assimilation rate (NAR) during the primordia–heading and heading–harvest stages. Grain yield components such as panicle number per clump, grains per panicle, and dry grain yield (both GKP and GKG) per 7.92 m², as well as nitrogen use efficiency, also responded positively. P2O5 application influenced plant height (5–13 WAT), tiller number (4–7 WAT), SPAD values, CGR and NAR during the heading–harvest stage, phosphorus use efficiency, yield components, and grain yield. Similarly, K2O application affected plant height (5–7 WAT), tiller number (4–5 WAT), shoot dry weight at heading, flag leaf area, SPAD value (heading), CGR and NAR (heading–harvest), potassium use efficiency, and yield parameters. The response of most variables followed a quadratic trend. Based on projected grain yield (ton ha?¹), the recommended optimum fertilizer rates for IPB 13S were 170 kg N ha?¹, 53 kg P2O5 ha?¹, and 71 kg K2O ha?¹. |
| URI: | http://repository.ipb.ac.id/handle/123456789/169417 |
| Appears in Collections: | MT - Agriculture |
Files in This Item:
| File | Description | Size | Format | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| cover_A2502231032_99933091d2344906bc029c90150c044c.pdf | Cover | 1.09 MB | Adobe PDF | View/Open |
| fulltext_A2502231032_6030def2f31f48039a10dc46390f7242.pdf Restricted Access | Fulltext | 1.97 MB | Adobe PDF | View/Open |
| lampiran_A2502231032_265986fbc7de420782c583e11e0f0a33.pdf Restricted Access | Lampiran | 1.04 MB | Adobe PDF | View/Open |
Items in DSpace are protected by copyright, with all rights reserved, unless otherwise indicated.