Telaah Pustaka Sistematis Musuh Alami Hama Padi Sawah di Indonesia

Abstract

ABSTRAK

INDAH MUTIARA. Telaah Pustaka Sistematis Musuh Alami Hama Padi Sawah di Indonesia. Dibimbing oleh BONJOK ISTIAJI dan DEWI SARTIAMI. Padi merupakan salah satu komoditas pangan utama di Indonesia dan sangat rentan terhadap Organisme Pengganggu Tanaman (OPT), yang secara signifikan menurunkan hasil panen. Pengendalian hayati dengan pemanfaatan musuh alami menjadi alternatif yang ramah lingkungan. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk melakukan telaah sistematis riset musuh alami hama padi sawah di Indonesia. Sampel data diperoleh dari berbagai sumber publikasi dengan menggunakan rangkaian kata kunci dan dipilih berdasarkan kriteria kelayakan. Dari hasil penelusuran diperoleh 143 artikel ilmiah berupa jurnal, skripsi, tesis, dan disertasi. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa penelitian didominasi predator (51%), diikuti parasitoid (34%), dan entomopatogen (15%) yang berfokus pada tahap inventarisasi dan identifikasi musuh alami. Spesies yang paling banyak diteliti, yaitu C. lividipennis, P. fuscipes, P. pseudoannulata, T. maxillosa, T. japonicum, T. rowani, T. schoenobii, B. bassiana, dan P. delphacis. Aplikasi musuh alami di lapangan masih terbatas dan belum mencapai tahap komersialisasi yang memadai. Penelitian terpusat di pulau Jawa, terutama Jawa Barat dan Jawa Timur dengan dominasi jenis publikasi dalam bentuk artikel ilmiah (Jurnal).

Kata kunci: musuh alami, pengendalian hayati, padi, telaah pustaka sistematis

ABSTRACT

INDAH MUTIARA. A Systematic Literature Review of Natural Enemies of Rice Pest in Indonesia. Supervised by BONJOK ISTIAJI and DEWI SARTIAMI. Rice is one of the primary food commodities in Indonesia and is highly susceptible to attacks by Plant Pest Organisms, which can significantly reduce both its quality and yield. Biological control through the utilization of natural enemies offers an environmentally friendly alternative, however its practical application still requires more in-depth research. This study aims to systematically review research on natural enemies of rice pests in Indonesia. Data were collected from 143 scientific publications, including journals, undergraduate theses, master's theses, and dissertations selected based on specific eligibility criteria. The analysis revealed that most studies focus on predators (51%), followed by parasitoids (34%) and entomopathogens (15%), with the majority concentrating on the inventory and identification stages. Frequently studied species include C. lividipennis, P. fuscipes, P. pseudoannulata, T. maxillosa, T. japonicum, B. Bassiana, and P. delphacis. The dominant type of publication is scientific journal articles. The field application of natural enemies remains limited to trial stages and has not yet reached a sufficient level of commercialization. Most research is concentrated on Java Island, particularly in West Java and East Java.

Keywords: biological control, natural enemies, rice plants, system literature review