Inventarisasi Nematoda pada Ubi Jalar (Ipomoea Batatas L.) di Kecamatan Tenjolaya, Kabupaten Bogor, Jawa Barat

Abstract

Nematoda parasit merupakan salah satu organisme pengganggu tanaman utama pada budidaya ubi jalar. Penelitian ini bertujuan mengidentifikasi genus nematoda berdasarkan gejala penyakit pada ubi jalar di Kecamatan Tenjolaya, Kabupaten Bogor. Sampel umbi dan tanah dikumpulkan secara purposive dan random sampling dari lima lokasi. Ekstraksi nematoda dilakukan dengan metode pengabutan untuk umbi dan flotasi-sentrifugasi untuk tanah. Identifikasi nematoda dilakukan secara morfologi dan dihitung menggunakan counting dish. Analisis komunitas nematoda mencakup populasi absolut, frekuensi dan nilai prominensi. Gejala yang ditemukan antara lain umbi berbintil kasar, mumi, hairy root dan pecah. Nematoda dominan yang teridentifikasi yaitu Meloidogyne spp. sebagai parasit perusak umbi dan Cephalobus sebagai nematoda non parasit. Identifikasi spesies berdasarkan pola perineal betina Meloidogyne merupakan Meloidogyne incognita dan javanica. Beberapa genus nematoda parasit yang teridentifikasi dan berpotensi memengaruhi pertumbuhan serta hasil umbi antara lain Tylenchus, Hoplolaimus, Helicotylenchus, Pratylenchus, Criconemoides, Rotylenchulus, Rhabditis, Aphelenchus, Mononchus dan Plectus. Variasi keberadaan nematoda antar lokasi dan varietas menunjukkan dominasi nematoda parasit pada umbi bergejala.

Parasitic nematodes are one of the major plant disruptors in sweet potato cultivation. Tuber study aimed to identify the genus based on disease symptom of nematodes of sweet potato in sweet potato plants in Tenjolaya District, Bogor Regency. Tuber and soil samples were collected by purposive and random sampling from five locations. Extraction of nematodes was carried out using the mist chamber method for tubers and flotation-centrifugation for soil samples. Nematode identification was performed morphologically and counted using a counting dish. Nematode community was analysis including absolute population, frequency and prominence value. The disease symptoms on tubers was described such stunted, coarsely, nodulated, hairy root and broken tubers. The dominant nematodes identified were Meloidogyne spp. as a tuber-destroying parasite and Cephalobus as a non parasitic nematode. Identification of species based on the perineal pattern of female Meloidogyne is Meloidogyne incognita and javanica. Several of the parasitic nematode genera identified that have the potential to affect tuber growth and yield include Tylenchus, Hoplolaimus, Helicotylenchus, Pratylenchus, Criconemoides, Rotylenchulus, Rhabditis, Aphelenchus, Mononchus and Plectus. Variations in nematode presence between locations and varieties indicate the dominance of parasitic nematodes in symptomatic tubers.