Desain Teknik Aplikasi Bio-Oil Spill Dispersant pada Perairan Air Tawar Tercemar Minyak Bumi Jenis Light Crude Oil

Abstract

Aktivitas eksplorasi dan transportasi industri minyak dan gas bumi (Migas) dapat meningkatkan risiko pencemaran minyak di perairan yang berdampak terhadap lingkungan. Bio-OSD merupakan dispersant berbasis hayati yang efektif dalam menangani cemaran minyak bumi, namun efektivitasnya sangat bergantung pada teknik aplikasi yang digunakan. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk merancang teknik aplikasi Bio-OSD yang efektif dalam mendispersikan cemaran minyak bumi (light crude oil) pada perairan tawar. Metode penelitian mengikuti tahapan desain keteknikan, meliputi fase eksplorasi, pendefinisian masalah, ideasi, pengembangan prototipe, dan validasi. Pengujian dilakukan menggunakan variasi metode pengadukan (mekanis, aerasi, dan tanpa pengadukan) dan tekanan sprayer (40 psi, 20 psi, dan 0 psi) dengan parameter evaluasi meliputi kekeruhan, Chemical Oxygen Demand (COD), dan observasi visual. Hasil menunjukkan bahwa kombinasi pengadukan mekanis dan tekanan sprayer 40 psi (M40) memberikan hasil dispersi terbaik. Perlakuan ini diimplementasikan pada skala pilot plant melalui perancangan sistem pengadukan mekanis dalam reaktor berkapasitas 300 liter yang dilengkapi dengan impeller tipe two flat paddle. Evaluasi stabilitas dispersi berdasarkan parameter kekeruhan, COD, dan Dissolved Oxygen (DO) menunjukkan bahwa sistem telah mencapai kestabilan mulai hari ke-3 hingga hari ke-10, dengan rentang nilai kekeruhan 500 - 600 NTU, COD 250 - 300 mg/L, dan DO 4 - 6 mg/L.

Exploration and transportation activities in the oil and natural gas (Migas) industry can increase the risk of oil pollution in waters, impacting the environment. Bio-OSD is a bio-based dispersant that is effective in handling hydrocarbon contamination, but its effectiveness is highly dependent on the application technique used. This research aims to design an effective application technique for Bio-OSD in dispersing petroleum contamination (light crude oil) in freshwater. The research method follows the stages of engineering design, including the exploration phase, problem definition, ideation, prototype development, and validation. The testing was conducted using variations in stirring methods (mechanical, aeration, and without stirring) and sprayer pressure (40 psi, 20 psi, and 0 psi) with evaluation parameters including turbidity, Chemical Oxygen Demand (COD), and visual observation. The results showed that the combination of mechanical stirring and 40 psi sprayer pressure (M40) provided the best dispersion results. This treatment was implemented on a pilot plant scale through the design of a mechanical stirring system in a 300-liter reactor equipped with a two flat paddle impeller. Evaluation of dispersion stability based on turbidity, COD, and Dissolved Oxygen (DO) parameters showed that the system achieved stability from day 3 to day 10, with turbidity values ranging from 500 - 600 NTU, COD from 250 - 300 mg/L, and DO from 4 - 6 mg/L.