Analisis Pengetahuan Gizi Seimbang, Citra Tubuh, Aktivitas Fisik, dan Pola Makan terhadap Status Gizi pada Remaja

Abstract

Penelitian ini bertujuan menganalisis hubungan antara pengetahuan gizi seimbang, citra tubuh, aktivitas fisik, dan pola makan terhadap status gizi pada remaja. Desain penelitian ini adalah cross-sectional dengan melibatkan 104 siswa dan siswi SMAN 9 Bogor. Data karakertistik subjek, pengetahuan gizi seimbang, citra tubuh, aktivitas fisik, dan pola makan diperoleh melalui kuesioner dan wawancara. Data pengukuran berat badan dan tinggi badan diperoleh dengan pengukuran langsung. Mayoritas subjek laki-laki dan perempuan memiliki pengetahuan gizi yang baik, citra tubuh positif, tingkat aktivitas fisik sedang, dan aktivitas fisik ringan. Jenis kelompok pangan yang banyak dionsumsi subjek laki-laki adalah makanan pokok (4,21 kali/hari), sedangkan subjek perempuan adalah sayuran (3,47 kali/hari). Tingkat kecukupan energi, protein, dan lemak pada subjek laki-laki tergolong berlebih, sedangkan subjek perempuan tergolong adekuat. Tingkat kecukupan karbohidrat subjek laki-laki dan perempuan tergolong defisit ringan. Terdapat perbedaan signifikan (p<0,05) antara pengetahuan gizi seimbang, citra tubuh, aktivitas fisik, dan frekuensi konsumsi kelompok pangan makanan pokok berdasarkan jenis kelamin. Terdapat hubungan yang signifikan (p<0,05) antara citra tubuh dan tingkat kecukupan energi, protein, lemak, serta karbohidrat dengan status gizi.

This study aims to analyze the relationship between knowledge of balanced nutrition, body image, physical activity, and eating patterns on the nutritional status of adolescents. This study employed a cross-sectional design, involving 104 male and female students at SMAN 9 Bogor. Data on subject characteristics, knowledge of balanced nutrition, body image, physical activity, and eating patterns were obtained through questionnaires and interviews. Data on body weight and height measurements were obtained by direct measurement. The majority of male and female subjects demonstrated good nutritional knowledge, a positive body image, moderate physical activity levels, and a low level of physical activity. The types of food groups consumed by male subjects were staple foods (4.21 times/day), while those of female subjects were vegetables (3.47 times/day). The levels of energy, protein, and fat adequacy in male subjects were classified as excessive, while those of female subjects were classified as adequate. The levels of carbohydrate adequacy in male and female subjects were classified as mild deficit. There was a significant difference (p<0.05) in knowledge of balanced nutrition, body image, physical activity, and frequency of consumption of staple food groups based on gender. A significant relationship (p < 0.05) exists between body image and the adequacy of energy, protein, fat, and carbohydrate levels to nutritional status.