Please use this identifier to cite or link to this item: http://repository.ipb.ac.id/handle/123456789/169128
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dc.contributor.advisorMutaqin, Kikin Hamzah-
dc.contributor.advisorGiyanto-
dc.contributor.authorSholihin, Noor-
dc.date.accessioned2025-08-14T03:22:16Z-
dc.date.available2025-08-14T03:22:16Z-
dc.date.issued2025-
dc.identifier.urihttp://repository.ipb.ac.id/handle/123456789/169128-
dc.description.abstractFitoplasma adalah bakteri patogen tumbuhan dari kelas Mollicutes dengan karakter khasnya antara lain tidak memiliki dinding sel kaku, parasit obligat, menginfeksi secara sistemik dan terbatas dalam jaringan floem tanaman, gejala penyakit mirip akibat virus serta umumnya ditularkan oleh serangga vektor. Fitoplasma di Indonesia dilaporkan berasosiasi dengan tanaman lebih dari delapan famili. Deteksi dan identifikasi fitoplasma dari tanaman inang baru perlu dilakukan untuk melengkapi informasi kisaran inang, wilayah, dan identitas fitoplasma. Sifat fitoplasma yang obligat serta titer yang rendah dalam jaringan tanaman menjadi tantangan dalam deteksi dan identifikasinya. Teknik molekuler polymerase chain reaction (PCR) untuk menggandakan DNA sasaran sangat membantu dalam diagnosis fitoplasma dalam tanaman. Penggunaan PCR standar seringkali perlu dimodifikasi untuk meningkatkan tingkat detektabilitasnya, antara lain dengan teknik nested-PCR, dan single tube nested PCR (STNP) menggunakan primer-primer yang dirancang dari wilayah gen 16S-spacer region-pangkal gen 23S rRNA seperti pasangan primer P1/P7, R16F2n/R16R2, dan fU5/rU3. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mendeteksi dan mengidentifikasi secara molekuler fitoplasma dari tumbuhan inang baru di Indonesia, yaitu stroberi, tanaman hias sukulen dan tumbuhan liar jalantir yang bergejala diduga oleh fitoplasma, yang berasal dari daerah Jawa Barat serta mengidentifikasi spesies tumbuhan jalantir berdasarkan morfologi dan analisis nukleotida hasil PCR-sequencing. Tanaman stroberi bergejala proliferasi, tanaman hias sukulen bergejala mosaik dan tumbuhan liar dengan nama umum jalantir yang bergejala sapu, diperoleh dari Cianjur dan Bandung Barat. Kontrol positif berupa kaktus bergejala sapu dan bambu tali bergejala daun kecil kuning yang terkonfirmasi berasosiasi dengan fitoplasma disertakan dalam pengujian ini. Teknik PCR standar dilakukan sebagai deteksi awal fitoplasma pada kelima tanaman tersebut menggunakan pasangan primer P1/P7, R16F2n/R16R2, dan fU5/rU3 secara terpisah dengan ukuran amplikon masing-masing 1800, 1250, dan 880 pb. Kaktus selalu menunjukkan amplikon positif untuk setiap PCR dengan masing-masing pasangan primer tersebut dengan terbentuknya pita DNA berukuran ± 1800, 1250 dan 880 pb yang tebal. Stroberi (ST2) dan jalantir (JL1-JL4) menunjukkan amplifikasi positif namun kurang meyakinkan karena pita DNA-nya yang tipis, sehingga perlu dilanjutkan dengan nested-PCR. Nested-PCR selanjutnya dengan template DNA berupa amplikon hasil PCR standar (P1/P7) dilakukan menggunakan primer nested R16F2n/R16R2 atau fU5/rU3. Masing-masing nested-PCR tersebut memberikan hasil positif untuk semua tanaman uji, yaitu pita DNA berukuran ± 1250 pb atau ± 880 pb dengan ketebalan pita beragam dari tipis hingga cukup tebal. Pita DNA yang cukup tebal dihasilkan dari tanaman kaktus dan bambu. Teknik STNP menggunakan dua pasang primer yaitu P1/P7 dan R16F2n/R16R2 secara simultan dalam sekali proses PCR tidak berhasil memberikan amplifikasi positif. Perunutan nukleotida gen 16S rRNA fitoplasma asal stroberi dan jalantir berdasarkan BLASTn menunjukkan persentase identitas keduanya cukup rendah yaitu berturut-turut 87,34 % dan 88,37 % terhadap spesies Candidatus phytoplasma di pangkalan data NCBI. Persentase identitas tersebut belum dapat mengonfirmasi pada suatu spesies fitoplasma yang disyarat dengan demarkasi sebesar 98,65 %. Tumbuhan liar jalantir yang terindikasi berasosiasi dengan fitoplasma berhasil diidentifikasi secara morfologi dan molekuler sebagai Conyza (sinonim: Erigeron) sumatrensis dari famili Asteraceae. Berdasarkan analisis nukleotida ITS gen ribosomal RNA berukuran 700 pb hasil PCR-sequencing dengan primer ITS1/ITS4, jalantir memiliki persentase identitas tertinggi sebesar 98,88% dengan aksesi C. sumatrensis di pangkalan data NCBI.-
dc.description.abstractPhytoplasma is a plant pathogenic bacterium from the class Mollicutes with distinctive characteristics including lack of rigid cell wall, obligate parasite, systemic infection and limited to the plant's phloem tissue, disease symptoms similar to those caused by viruses, and generally transmitted by insect vectors. Phytoplasma in Indonesia is reported to be associated with plants from more than eight families. Detection and identification of phytoplasmas from new host plants in Indonesia are necessary to complete information on host range, region, and phytoplasma identity. The obligate nature of phytoplasmas and low titers in plant tissue pose challenges in their detection and identification. Molecular techniques such as polymerase chain reaction (PCR) to amplify target DNA is very helpful in the diagnosis of phytoplasmas in plants. The use of standard PCR often needs to be modified to increase its detectability level, including as nested-PCR, and single tube nested PCR (STNP) uses primers designed from the 16S-spacer region-23S rRNA gene such as primer pairs P1/P7, R16F2n/R16R2, and fU5/rU3. The objectives of this study were detection and identification of phytoplasmas from new host plants in Indonesia, i.e. strawberry, ornamental succulent and wild jalantir plants with symptoms suspected to be caused by phytoplasmas, originating from the West Java region and to identify the jalantir plant species based on morphology and nucleotide analysis of PCR-sequencing. Symptomatic plants i.e. strawberry with proliferation, succulent with mosaic, and wild plants with the common name jalantir with witches’ broom symptoms were obtained from Cianjur and West Bandung. The positive control was a cactus witches’ broom and bamboo yellows were included in this test. Standard PCR techniques were performed as initial detection of phytoplasma in those five plants using primer pairs P1/P7, R16F2n/R16R2, and fU5/rU3 separately with amplicon sizes of 1800, 1250, and 880 bp, respectively. Cactus always showed positive amplicons for each PCR with each primer pair with the formation of thick DNA bands measuring ± 1800, 1250, and 880 bp. Meanwhile, strawberry (ST2) and jalantir (JL1-JL4) showed positive amplification but were less convincing due to their thin DNA bands, so it was necessary to continue with nested-PCR. Next Nested-PCR with DNA template in the form of standard PCR amplicon (P1/P7) were performed using primers R16F2n/R16R2 or fU5/rU3. Each nested-PCR gave positive results for all test plants, namely DNA bands measuring ± 1250 bp or ± 880 bp with band thicknesses varying from thin to quite thick. Quite thick DNA bands were produced from cactus and bamboo plants. The STNP technique using two primer pairs, i.e. P1/P7 and R16F2n/R16R2 simultaneously in a single PCR process did not succeed in providing positive amplification. Nucleotide sequencing of the 16S rRNA gene of phytoplasmas from strawberry and jalantir based on BLASTn showed that the percentage of identities were low, only 87.34% and 88.37%. The percentage identity has not been able to confirm a phytoplasma species that is required with a demarcation of 98.65%. The wild jalantir plant which is indicated to be associated with phytoplasma has been successfully identified morphologically and molecularly as Conyza (synonym: Erigeron) sumatrensis from the Asteraceae family. Based on the ITS nucleotide analysis of the 700 bp ribosomal RNA gene resulting from PCR-sequencing with ITS1/ITS4 primers, jalantir has the highest percentage of identity of 98.88% with the accession C. sumatrensis in the NCBI database.-
dc.description.sponsorshipnull-
dc.language.isoid-
dc.publisherIPB Universityid
dc.titleAsosiasi Fitoplasma dengan Penyakit Proliferasi Stroberi dan Sapu Jalantir serta Identifikasi Spesies Tumbuhan Liar Inangnya secara Molekulerid
dc.title.alternativenull-
dc.typeTesis-
dc.subject.keywordConyza sumatrensisid
dc.subject.keywordGen 16S-23S rRNAid
dc.subject.keywordITS1/ITS4id
dc.subject.keywordNested-PCRid
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