Analisis Ekonomi Pemanfaatan Limbah Kelapa Sawit di Kebun dan Pabrik Kelapa Sawit Cikasungka

Abstract

Industri kelapa sawit menjadi komoditas unggulan Indonesia, namun menghasilkan limbah padat, cair, dan gas dalam jumlah besar. Penelitian ini bertujuan mendeskripsikan proses produksi dan pemanfaatan limbah, mengestimasi nilai ekonomi dari limbah, serta menghitung emisi limbah cair berdasarkan metodologi KLHK. Data diperoleh melalui observasi, wawancara, dan studi pustaka. Hasil menunjukkan pemanfaatan cangkang dan serat sebagai bahan bakar boiler berpotensi menghasilkan energi sebesar 112.89 kWh/tahun dan menghemat biaya setara Rp 236.09 miliar per tahun dibandingkan penggunaan solar. Tandan kosong digunakan sebagai pupuk kompos di kebun, namun belum sepenuhnya menggantikan pupuk anorganik karena pengaruh cuaca dan tenaga kerja. Limbah cair (POME) diolah dalam kolam bertingkat untuk menurunkan kadar BOD dan COD sesuai baku mutu lingkungan. Namun, emisi metana meningkat dari 200.83 ton CO2e di 2021 menjadi 1,221.11 ton CO2e di 2024 akibat peningkatan produksi.

The palm oil industry is one of Indonesia’s leading commodities but generates large amounts of solid, liquid, and gaseous waste. This study aims to describe the production process and waste utilization, estimate the economic value of the waste, and calculate liquid waste emissions based on the methodology of the Ministry of Environment and Forestry (KLHK). Data were obtained through observation, interviews, and literature review. The results show that utilizing palm kernel shells and fiber as boiler fuel has the potential to generate 112.89 kWh/year of energy and save costs equivalent to IDR 236.09 billion per year compared to diesel use. Empty fruit bunches (EFB) are used as compost fertilizer in plantations, but have not fully replaced inorganic fertilizers due to weather and labor constraints. Liquid waste (Palm Oil Mill Effluent/POME) is treated in a series of ponds to reduce BOD and COD levels to meet environmental quality standards. However, methane emissions increased from 200.83 tons CO2e in 2021 to 1,221.11 tons CO2e in 2024 due to increased production.