Please use this identifier to cite or link to this item: http://repository.ipb.ac.id/handle/123456789/169004
Title: Estimasi Debit Puncak Menggunakan Model Soil and Water Assessment Tool (SWAT)
Other Titles: Estimation Peak Discharge Batanghari Watershed Using The Soil Water Assessment Tool (SWAT) Model
Authors: Risdiyanto, Idung
Haidir, Muhamad Ibnu
Issue Date: 2025
Publisher: IPB University
Abstract: Daerah Aliran Sungai (DAS) Batanghari adalah DAS terbesar kelima di Indonesia dengan luas 4,4 juta hektar dan telah mengalami degradasi yang signifikan akibat konversi lahan, terutama di hilir. Tutupan lahan yang berubah ini berdampak pada karakteristik hidrologi DAS, termasuk peningkatan aliran permukaan dan fluktuasi debit ekstrem. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis kondisi hidrologi dan mengestimasi debit puncak DAS Batanghari menggunakan SWAT yang terintegrasi dengan GIS. Parameter yang digunakan untuk mengestimasi debit puncak yaitu water yield, parameter ini dapat menggambarkan efektivitas DAS dalam mengendalikan jumlah air yang akhirnya menjadi debit sungai. Data yang digunakan meliputi data spasial DEM jenis tanah, tutupan lahan dan data iklim yang dilakukan koreksi koreksi dengan metode rata-rata dan evaluasi statistik untuk menilai kesesuaian antara data model dan observasi Hasil simulasi menunjukkan pembagian 52 sub-DAS dengan dominasi jenis tanah Orthic Acrisols dan tutupan lahan perkebunan. Hasil koreksi data iklim menunjukkan hasil yang baik dan menandakan kesesuaian antara data model dan observasi. Hasil validasi R² = 0.83, NSE = 0.61, KGE = 0.51 dan PBIAS = -7.9% menunjukkan hasil yang cukup baik tetapi PBIAS mengindikasikan bahwa hasil model overestimate, tetapi hasil simulasi masih tetap dapat menggambarkan pola fluktuasi musiman debit. Nilai water yield =150 m3/s menghasilkan debit berkisar =5000 m3/s, diindikasikan nilai tersebut merupakan debit puncak karena terjadi pada bulan basah dan saat limpasan tinggi. Kombinasi komponen pembentuk HRU dalam DAS menunjukkan hasil yang dapat mengganggu proses hidrologi terutama jika kerusakan terus terjadi dengan curah hujan tinggi.
The Batanghari Watershed is the fifth-largest watershed in Indonesia, covering an area of 4.4 million hectares, and has experienced significant degradation due to land conversion, particularly in the downstream areas. This change in land cover has impacted the hydrological characteristics of the river basin, including increased surface runoff and extreme fluctuations in flow. This study aims to analyze the hydrological conditions and estimate the peak discharge of the Batanghari Watershed using SWAT integrated with GIS. The parameter used to estimate peak discharge is water yield, which can describe the effectiveness of the river basin in controlling the amount of water that ultimately becomes river discharge. The data used include spatial DEM data on soil types, land cover, and climate data, which were corrected using the average method and statistical evaluation to assess the suitability between model data and observations. The simulation results show a division into 52 sub-basins with a dominance of Orthic Acrisols soil types and plantation land cover. The results of climate data correction indicate good results and signify the suitability between model data and observations. The validation results, with R² = 0.83, NSE = 0.61, KGE = 0.51, and PBIAS = -7.9%, indicate satisfactory results. However, PBIAS suggests that the model overestimates, yet the simulation results still adequately depict the seasonal fluctuation patterns of discharge. Water yield values =150 m³/s result in discharge values =5000 m³/s, indicating that these values represent peak discharge, as they occur during the wet season and periods of high runoff. The combination of HRU components in the watershed shows results that can disrupt hydrological processes, especially if damage continues to occur during periods of heavy rainfall.
URI: http://repository.ipb.ac.id/handle/123456789/169004
Appears in Collections:UT - Geophysics and Meteorology

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