Pemodelan Kesesuaian Habitat Banteng (Bos javanicus) di Taman Nasional Baluran

Abstract

Banteng merupakan spesies yang dilindungi karena termasuk dalam kategori sangat terancam. Ancaman seperti perburuan dan menurunnya daya dukung habitat menyebabkan penurunan populasi banteng di habitat aslinya, seperti Taman Nasional Baluran (TNB). Penelitian ini bertujuan menganalisis variabel lingkungan yang memengaruhi distribusi banteng serta memodelkan kesesuaian habitat banteng menggunakan model MaxEnt. Pembangunan model menggunakan variabel lingkungan sesuai bioekologi banteng serta menghitung indeks fragmentasi habitat di kawasan TNB. Nilai Area Under Curve (AUC) hasil pemodelan sebesar 0,841 yang berarti kinerja model baik. Hasil model dengan klasifikasi sangat sesuai dan sesuai berjumlah 4126,19 ha. Variabel ketinggian memiliki persen kontribusi paling tinggi terhadap model mencapai 34,8%. Area yang sesuai, dominan pada kawasan TNB bagian tenggara berupa hutan dataran rendah dan sabana. Hal tersebut mengindikasikan preferensi habitat banteng di TNB berada pada ketinggian rendah dengan tutupan lahan hutan dataran rendah dan sabana pada bagian tenggara kawasan.

The banteng is a protected species because it is classified as critically endangered. Threats such as hunting and declining habitat support have caused a decline in the banteng population in its natural habitat, such as Baluran National Park (TNB). This study aims to analyze the environmental variables that influence the distribution of banteng and to model the habitat suitability of banteng using the MaxEnt model. The model was developed using environmental variables appropriate to banteng bioecology and calculating habitat fragmentation indices in the TNB area. The area under curve (AUC) value of the model was 0,841, indicating good model performance. The model with areas classified as highly suitable and suitable totaling 4126,19 ha. Elevation had the highest percentage contribution to the model at 34,8%. Suitable areas are predominantly found in the southeastern part of TNB, consisting of lowland forests and savannas. This indicates that banteng habitat preferences in TNB are at low elevations with lowland forest and savanna land cover in the southeastern part of the area