Pengaruh Kebijakan Wajib Taman terhadap Produksi Bawang Putih Indonesia

Abstract

Bawang putih (Allium sativum) merupakan komoditas hortikultura strategis dengan nilai ekonomi tinggi dan peran penting dalam menjaga ketahanan pangan nasional. Sebagai upaya meningkatkan produksi dalam negeri, pemerintah menerapkan kebijakan wajib tanam melalui Permentan Nomor 39 dan 46 Tahun 2019, yang mewajibkan importir melakukan penanaman bawang putih sebagai syarat memperoleh izin impor. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk: (1) menganalisis pengaruh harga, realisasi wajib tanam, dan alokasi APBN terhadap produksi bawang putih nasional; (2) menganalisis pelaksanaan kebijakan wajib tanam bawang putih di Indonesia melalui perbandingan produksi dan luas tanam sebelum dan setelah kebijakan diterapkan, serta menganalisis capaian realisasi wajib tanam. Metode yang digunakan meliputi Autoregressive Distributed Lag (ARDL), paired sample t-test, dan analisis rasio capaian target. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa realisasi wajib tanam memiliki pengaruh signifikan terhadap produksi bawang putih nasional. Selain itu, uji paired t-test menunjukkan adanya perbedaan signifikan produksi dan luas tanam sebelum dan sesudah kebijakan diterapkan, sementara rata rata capaian realisasi wajib tanam selama 2018–2024 hanya mencapai 44,32% dari target.

Garlic (Allium sativum) is a strategic horticultural commodity with high economic value and an important role in maintaining national food security. As an effort to increase domestic production, the government has implemented a mandatory planting policy through Ministerial Regulations No. 39 and 46 of 2019, which require importers to plant garlic as a condition for obtaining import permits. This study aims to: (1) analyse the impact of price, mandatory planting implementation, and state budget allocation on national garlic production; (2) analyse the implementation of the mandatory garlic planting policy in Indonesia by comparing production and planting area before and after the policy, as well as analysing the achievement of mandatory planting targets. The methods used include Autoregressive Distributed Lag (ARDL), paired sample t-test, and target achievement ratio analysis. The results of the study indicate that mandatory planting has a significant impact on national garlic production. Additionally, the paired t test shows a significant difference in production and planting area before and after the policy was implemented, while the average achievement of mandatory planting targets from 2018 to 2024 only reached 44.32% of the target.