Pencegahan Infeksi Bakteri Aeromonas hydrophila pada Ikan Lele Clarias sp. dengan Pemberian Ekstrak Kayu Manis Cinnamomum sp.

Abstract

Ikan lele Clarias sp. merupakan komoditas penting di Indonesia, namun rentan terhadap infeksi Aeromonas hydrophila yang menyebabkan kematian hingga 90%. Penggunaan antibiotik dibatasi karena risiko resistensi dan residu, sehingga dibutuhkan alternatif alami. Penelitian ini bertujuan mendapatkan dosis optimal ekstrak kayu manis Cinnamomum sp. untuk meningkatkan daya tahan ikan lele terhadap infeksi A. hydrophila. Penelitian dilakukan secara in vitro (uji zona hambat konsentrasi 12,5% dan 25%) dan in vivo selama 25 hari menggunakan Rancangan Acak Lengkap (RAL) empat perlakuan: Kn, Kp, A (30?mL kg–1), dan B (45?mL kg–1). Parameter yang diamati meliputi sintasan, pertumbuhan, hematologi, diferensial leukosit, dan TPC. Hasil terbaik diperoleh pada perlakuan A dengan sintasan 96%, pertumbuhan tertinggi (4,96?g; 1,18?cm), nilai hematologi optimal, dan limfosit >80%. Uji TPC menunjukkan tidak terdeteksi A. hydrophila pada usus. Dosis 30?mL kg–1 terbukti efektif sebagai agen antibakteri dan imunostimulan alami untuk budidaya berkelanjutan.

Catfish Clarias sp. is an important aquaculture commodity in Indonesia but is highly susceptible to Aeromonas hydrophila infection, which can cause mortality rates of up to 90%. The use of antibiotics is limited due to concerns about resistance and residue, prompting the need for eco-friendly alternatives. This study aims to determine the optimal dose of Cinnamomum sp. cinnamon extract to increase the resistance of catfish to A. hydrophila infection.. The research involved both in vitro (inhibition zone assay at 12,5% and 25% concentrations) and in vivo trials for 25 days using a completely randomized design (CRD) with four treatments: Kn, Kp, A (30?mL kg–1), and B (45?mL kg–1). Observed parameters included survival rate, growth, hematology, leukocyte differential, and total plating count (TPC). The best results were obtained in treatment A with 96% survival, highest growth (4.96?g; 1.18?cm), optimal hematological values, and lymphocyte dominance (>80%). TPC results showed no detectable A. hydrophila in the intestines. A dose of 30?mL kg–1 was proven effective as a natural antibacterial and immunostimulant for sustainable aquaculture.