Pengaruh Biochar Bambu Diperkaya N dan K terhadap Sifat Kimia Tanah pada Perkebunan Nanas di Lampung Tengah

Abstract

Penurunan tingkat kesuburan tanah dan efisiensi pemupukan yang rendah menjadi masalah di perkebunan nanas PT. Great Giant Pineapple (PT. GGP). Pemberian biochar bambu diperkaya N dan K diharapkan dapat memperbaiki kesuburan tanah sekaligus berperan sebagai pupuk lepas terkendali sehingga efisiensi pemupukan dapat ditingkatkan. Penelitian ini bertujuan menguji pengaruh aplikasi biochar bambu diperkaya N dan K terhadap sifat-sifat kimia tanah pada 1, 2, dan 3 bulan setelah tanam (BST) di perkebunan nanas PT. GGP. Penelitian terdiri dari percobaan lapang faktor tunggal 4 taraf perlakuan biochar (kontrol, 50%, 100%, dan 150% dari dosis N dan K reguler) serta analisis laboratorium. Sifat kimia tanah yang dianalisis terdiri dari pH H2O, C-organik, N-total, P-tersedia, kation-kation dapat dipertukarkan, kapasitas tukar kation (KTK), dan kejenuhan basa. Sampel tanah diambil sebelum aplikasi perlakuan dan pada 1, 2, dan 3 BST nanas. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa perlakuan aplikasi biochar bambu diperkaya N dan K berpengaruh nyata meningkatkan pH H2O dan K-dd. Selain itu, perlakuan cenderung meningkatkan KTK seiring berjalannya waktu.

Degraded soil fertility and low fertilizer-use efficiency are problems encountered in the pineapple plantation of PT Great Giant Pineapple (PT.GGP). The application of N and K enriched bamboo-biochar is expected to improve soil fertility and acting as a controlled release fertilizer so that fertilizer-use efficiency can be increaseds. This study aims to examine the effects of N and K enriched bamboo-biochar application on soil chemical properties at 1, 2, and 3 months after planting (MAP) pineapple in PT. GGP plantation. This study consisted of field experiment with single factor of 4 treatment levels (control, 50%, 100%, and 150% of the regular N and K doses) and laboratory analysis. The soil chemical properties analyzed consisted of pH H2O, organic-C, total-N, available-P, exchangeable cations, cation exchange capacity (CEC), and base saturation. Soil samples were taken before application of the treatment and at 1, 2, and 3 MAP pineapple. The results showed that the application of N and K enriched bamboo biochar increased significantly soil pH H2O and exchangeable-K. In addition, the treatment tended to increasing CEC with time.