Penurunan Salinitas Secara Berkala Dan Penambahan Mineral Komersil Pada Pendederan Udang Vaname Litopenaeus vanamei Di Air Tawar

Abstract

Udang vaname Litopenaeus vannamei merupakan spesies euryhaline yang memiliki nilai ekonomi dan permintaan pasar yang tinggi. Hal tersebut menjadikan potensi besar bagi para petani, namun tidak semua petani dapat membudidayakan udang vaname dikarenakan kurangnya ketersediaan air laut yang disebabkan lokasi budidaya jauh dari pesisir pantai. Peneilitan ini bertujuan mendapatkan penurunan salinitas dan dosis pemberian mineral yang optimal untuk budidaya udang vaname di air tawar. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode Rancanagn Acak Lengkap (RAL) lima perlakuan dan tiga kali pengulangan. Perlakuan yang diuji meliputi penurunan salinitas 0 ppt hari-1 (P0), 6 ppt hari-1 (P1), 8 ppt hari-1 (P2), 12 ppt hari-1 (P3), dan 16 ppt hari-1 (P4) hingga mencapai salinitas 0 ppt. Pemberian mineral kompleks menggunakan dosis 4 ppm, 6 ppm, dan 8 ppm. Setelah mencapai salinitas 0 ppt udang vaname dipelihara selama 30 hari. Hasil penelitian menunjukan perbedaan yang sangat nyata antar perlakuan (p<0,05). Penurunan salinitas paling optimal yakni 6 ppt/hari dengan nilai rata-rata sintasan praadaptasi tertinggi mencapai 88% serta memiliki resiko paling rendah diantara semua perlakuan dan penambahan mineral terbaik yakni 8 ppm.

Pacific whiteleg shrimp Litopenaeus vannamei is a euryhaline species with high economic value and strong market demand. This makes it a highly promising aquaculture. However, not all farmers can cultivate vannamei shrimp because of limited availability of seawater, especially in areas far from coastal regions. This study aimed to determine the optimal salinity reduction rate and mineral supplementation dosage for freshwater-based vannamei shrimp culture. The study employed a Completely Randomized Design (CRD) consisting of five treatments with three replicates. The treatments included daily salinity reductions of 0 ppt (P0), 6 ppt (P1), 8 ppt (P2), 12 ppt (P3), and 16 ppt (P4) until the salinity reached 0 ppt. Complex mineral supplements were administered at doses of 4 ppm, 6 ppm, and 8 ppm. Once a salinity of 0 ppt was achieved, the shrimp were reared for 30 days. The results showed highly significant differences among the treatments (p<0,05). The most optimal salinity reduction was 6 ppt/day (P1), which resulted in the highest average pre-adaptation survival rate of 88% and the lowest risk among all the treatments. The most effective mineral dosage was 8 ppm.