Efektivitas Pemberian Amelioran Berbahan Sludge, Arang Sekam, dan Kompos pada Kualitas Tanah

Abstract

Instalasi Pengolahan Air Limbah (IPAL) menghasilkan sludge kaya bahan organik dan hara yang berpotensi menjadi amelioran, namun memiliki kadar air tinggi (91,87%) dan kandungan logam berat yang melebihi standar mutu. Arang sekam dapat mengatasi kondisi tersebut. Penelitian bertujuan mengetahui kombinasi terbaik dari tiap bahan (sludge, arang sekam, kompos) dan mengetahui korelasi sifat kimia serta biologi tanah. Inkubasi amelioran pada tanah dilakukan dengan 7 kombinasi bahan yang berbeda menggunakan Rancangan Acak Lengkap (RAL). Analisis kimia tanah (pH, C-organik, N, P, K, KTK) dan biologi tanah (mikrob dan fungi total) dilakukan setelah inkubasi 1 bulan. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan sludge bumbu masak kaya hara (C-organik: 46,63%, N-total: 7,30%) namun logam berat melebihi batas (Fe: 27836 ppm, Pb: 54 ppm). Pada perlakuan P1 (Sludge 100%, arang sekam 75%. dan kompos 50%) memiliki total mikrob dan fungi (0,75 x 105 CFU/g dan 0,88 105 CFU/g) serta pH, C-organik, N, P, K, KTK tertinggi dan Pb menurun. Secara umum, terdapat korelasi positif antara total mikrob dan fungi terhadap pH, KTK berkorelasi positif terhadap pH dan C-organik. Perlakuan P1 menjadi kombinasi terbaik dan memenuhi syarat mutu pembenah tanah.

Wastewater Treatment Plants (WWTPs) produce sludge rich in organic matter and nutrients that has the potential to be used as a soil conditioner, but it has a high moisture content (91.87%). Rice husk charcoal can address excess moisture and heavy metal content to achieve quality standards. The study aims to determine the optimal combination of each material (sludge, rice husk charcoal, compost) and to investigate the correlation between soil chemical and biological properties. Soil amendment incubation was conducted using seven different material combinations with a Completely Randomized Design. Soil chemical analysis (pH, organic carbon, N, P, K, CEC) and soil biological analysis (total microorganisms and fungi) were conducted after one month of incubation. The results showed that sludge is rich in nutrients (organic carbon 46.63%, nitrogen 7.30%) but contains heavy metals exceeding the limit (iron: 27,836 ppm, lead: 54 ppm). In treatment P1 (100% sludge, 75% rice husk charcoal, and 50% compost), total microorganisms and fungi (0.75 × 105 CFU/g and 0.88 × 105 CFU/g) were present, along with the highest pH, organic carbon, N, P, K, and KTK levels, and reduced Pb levels. In general, there was a positive correlation between total microorganisms and fungi with pH, and KTK was positively correlated with pH and organic carbon. Treatment P1 was the best combination and met the quality standards for soil conditioners.