Please use this identifier to cite or link to this item: http://repository.ipb.ac.id/handle/123456789/166972
Title: Efek Tepi pada Komunitas Burung di Agroforestri Kopi, Nagari Lubuk Gadang Selatan, Sumatera Barat
Other Titles: Edge Effects on Bird Communities in Coffee Agroforestry of Nagari Lubuk Gadang Selatan, West Sumatra
Authors: Mardiastuti, Ani
Mulyani, Yeni Aryati
Warni, Keken Kurnia
Issue Date: 2025
Publisher: IPB University
Abstract: Konversi hutan tropis menjadi agroekosistem seperti agroforestri kopi semakin meningkat, sehingga menambah keberadaan ekoton atau efek tepi, maka dari itu penting untuk memahami peran ekoton dan efek tepi tersebut dalam mendukung keanekaragaman hayati. Penelitian ini dilakukan di Nagari Lubuk Gadang Selatan, Sumatera Barat, yang memiliki sistem agroforestri kopi berbatasan langsung dengan zona pemanfaatan Taman Nasional Kerinci Seblat dan perkebunan teh PT. Mitra Kerinci. Keberagaman tipe habitat dalam lanskap ini berpotensi membentuk area ekoton yang dapat mendukung komunitas burung yang beragam. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis komposisi dan keanekaragaman jenis burung pada agroforestri kopi, serta membandingkan antara interior agroforestri, tepi hutan, dan tepi kebun teh, dengan menilai pengaruh efek tepi. Penelitian ini juga menguji tiga hipotesis yaitu (1) Keanekaragaman burung lebih tinggi di tepi hutan daripada interior, (2) Keanekaragaman burung lebih tinggi di tepi kebun teh daripada interior, (3) Keanekaragaman burung lebih tinggi di tepi hutan dibandingkan tepi kebun teh. Penelitian dilakukan di Nagari Lubuk Gadang Selatan, Sumatera Barat, pada bulan Januari hingga Februari 2025. Metode pengumpulan data yang digunakan yaitu metode titik hitung (Point Count). Analisis data meliputi perhitungan indeks keanekaragaman jenis, kemertaan jenis, kesamaan jenis, dominansi dan analisis guild pakan burung. Hasil penelitian mendapatkan 77 jenis yang tergolong dalam 31 famili. Lanskap tepi hutan memiliki keanekaragaman tertinggi (50 jenis, 23 famili), disusul oleh tepi kebun teh (41 jenis, 19 famili) dan interior (38 jenis, 18 famili). Hasil uji statistik menunjukkan bahwa keanekaragaman jenis burung secara signifikan lebih tinggi di lanskap tepi hutan dibandingkan interior agroforestri kopi, yang menegaskan bahwa kompleksitas struktur vegetasi, heterogenitas habitat, dan terutama pengaruh efek tepi (edge effect) berperan penting dalam meningkatkan keanekaragaman jenis burung. Lanskap tepi kebun teh juga menunjukkan indeks keanekaragaman yang relatif tinggi dibandingkan interior, meskipun lebih rendah dari tepi hutan. Hal ini menunjukkan bahwa area transisi atau tepi habitat hasil modifikasi manusia pun masih dapat memberikan manfaat ekologis bagi burung jika memiliki elemen vegetasi yang mendukung. Spesies burung dominan di ketiga lanskap tersebut antara lain Pycnonotus aurigaster, Rubigula dispar, Pycnonotus goiavier, Macropygia ruficeps, Treron oxyurus. Burung pemakan serangga merupakan kelompok burung yang dominan.
The conversion of tropical forests into agroecosystems such as coffee agroforestry systems is increasing, thereby expanding the presence of ecotones or edge effects. Therefore, it is important to understand the role of ecotones and edge effects in supporting biodiversity. This research was conducted in Nagari Lubuk Gadang Selatan, West Sumatra, where coffee agroforestry systems are directly adjacent to the utilization zone of Kerinci Seblat National Park and the tea plantation of PT. Mitra Kerinci. The diversity of habitat types in this landscape potentially forms ecotone areas that can support diverse bird communities. This research aimed to analyze the composition and diversity of bird species in coffee agroforestry, as well as to compare bird diversity between the interior of agroforestry, the forest edge, and the tea plantation edge, while assessing the influence of edge effects. The research also tests three hypotheses: (1) bird species diversity is higher at the forest edge landscape compared to the interior of the coffee agroforestry, (2) bird species diversity is higher at the tea plantation edge than in the interior of the coffee agroforestry, (3) bird species diversity is higher at the forest edge than at the tea plantation edge. The research was carried out in Nagari Lubuk Gadang Selatan, West Sumatra, from January to February 2025. The data collection method used was Point Count to record bird species and abundance. Data analysis included the calculation of species diversity index, evenness index, species similarity, dominance index, and bird feeding guild analysis. The results recorded 77 bird species belonging to 31 families. The forest edge landscape had the highest diversity (50 species, 23 families), followed by the tea edge (41 species, 19 families), and the interior (38 species, 18 families). Statistical analysis showed that bird diversity was significantly higher at the forest edge than in the agroforestry interior, confirming that vegetation structure complexity, habitat heterogeneity, and especially the edge effect, play important roles in enhancing bird species richness. The tea edge landscape also showed relatively high diversity compared to the interior, though lower than the forest edge. This indicates that even human modified edge habitats can provide ecological benefits for birds if they contain supportive vegetation elements. Dominant bird species across the three landscapes included Pycnonotus aurigaster, Rubigula dispar, Pycnonotus goiavier, Macropygia ruficeps, and Treron oxyurus. Insectivorous birds were the most dominant feeding guild.
URI: http://repository.ipb.ac.id/handle/123456789/166972
Appears in Collections:MT - Forestry

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