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http://repository.ipb.ac.id/handle/123456789/166971| Title: | Introduksi Gen Fusi Cry1Ab-1Ac ke dalam Genom Tanaman Kedelai |
| Other Titles: | |
| Authors: | Purwoko, Bambang Sapta Listanto, Edy Ardie, Sintho Wahyuning SASMITA, NANDA ADYA |
| Issue Date: | 2025 |
| Publisher: | IPB University |
| Abstract: | Kedelai (Glycine max L. Merr.) merupakan sumber utama protein dan minyak
nabati penting secara global. Produksi kedelai di Indonesia terus menurun, sehingga
kebutuhan dalam negeri masih bergantung pada impor. Salah satu faktor penyebab
rendahnya produktivitas adalah serangan hama lepidoptera, Etiella zinckenella,
yang menyebabkan kerusakan signifikan pada hasil panen. Upaya peningkatan
ketahanan terhadap hama dapat dilakukan melalui strategi transformasi genetik
dengan menyisipkan gen Cry1Ab-1Ac.
Transformasi genetik pada kedelai umumnya dilakukan secara in vitro
melalui kultur jaringan aseptik dan seleksi menggunakan antibiotik, namun
pendekatan ini memiliki risiko stres fisiologis dan regenerasi rendah akibat tekanan
seleksi. Transformasi dengan modifikasi berbasis meristem plumula dapat
digunakan sebagai alternatif, di mana infeksi Agrobacterium tumefaciens dilakukan
secara aseptik, namun regenerasi selanjutnya berlangsung di luar kultur jaringan
tanpa seleksi antibiotik, sehingga dapat meningkatkan viabilitas eksplan.
Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mendapat tanaman transforman dengan
mengoptimasi media induksi tunas dan mengembangkan protokol transformasi
genetik kedelai varietas ‘Grobogan’ dan ‘Wilis’ menggunakan eksplan plumula dan
gen Cry1Ab-1Ac yang dibawa oleh A. tumefaciens strain LBA4404. Percobaan awal
dilakukan untuk mengoptimalkan media induksi tunas dengan lima taraf
konsentrasi BAP (0, 0,25, 0,5, 0,75, dan 1 mg L?¹). Konsentrasi 1 mg L?¹ BAP
memberikan hasil terbaik, dengan 85% eksplan membentuk tunas dengan rata-rata
3,6 tunas per eksplan.
Percobaan kedua yaitu transformasi dilakukan dengan dua faktor: durasi
infeksi (15 dan 30 menit) dan konsentrasi acetosyringone (100, dan 200 µM).
Transformasi secara in vitro tidak menghasilkan eksplan positif PCR karena seluruh
eksplan mengalami kematian setelah 28 hari seleksi menggunakan higromisin.
Sebaliknya, transformasi dengan modifikasi menunjukkan persentase pemanjangan
tunas hingga 67,5% dan efisiensi transformasi mencapai 17,5% pada perlakuan
infeksi 30 menit dan 200 µM acetosyringone. Sebanyak 10–13 planlet putatif
transgenik (generasi T0) terdeteksi positif melalui analisis PCR terhadap gen
Cry1Ab-1Ac. Hasil pengamatan fenotipik menunjukkan bahwa tanaman
transforman tidak menunjukkan perbedaan morfologis mencolok dibandingkan
kontrol, baik pada fase vegetatif maupun generatif. Biji T1 yang berhasil diperoleh
berjumlah satu dari ‘Grobogan’ dan 36 dari ‘Wilis’. Soybean (Glycine max L. Merr.) is an important source of protein and vegetable oil. In Indonesia, soybean production has continued to decline, resulting in a high dependency on imports to meet domestic demand. One of the main constraints in increasing productivity is the attack of lepidopteran insects (Etiella zinckenella), which causes significant damage to crop yields. Enhancing resistance to these pests can be achieved through genetic transformation by introducing the Cry1Ab-1Ac gene. Genetic transformation in soybean is typically carried out in vitro using aseptic tissue culture and antibiotic-based selection. However, this method often leads to physiological stress and low regeneration rates due to selective pressure. As an alternative, a modified transformation using plumular meristem explants allows Agrobacterium tumefaciens infection under aseptic conditions, followed by regeneration outside of tissue culture systems without antibiotic selection, thereby improving explant viability. This study aimed to obtain transgenic plants by optimizing shoot induction media and developing a transformation protocol for the soybean varieties ‘Grobogan’ and ‘Wilis’ using plumular meristem explants and the Cry1Ab-1Ac gene carried by A. tumefaciens strain LBA4404. The first experiment was conducted to optimize shoot induction media using five concentrations of BAP (0, 0.25, 0.5, 0.75, and 1 mg L?¹). The concentration of 1 mg L?¹ BAP gave the best results, with 85% of explants forming shoots and an average of 3.6 shoots per explant. The second experiment, transformation was performed using two factors: infection duration (15 and 30 minutes) and acetosyringone concentration (100 and 200 µM). The in vitro transformation approach failed to produce PCR-positive explants, as all explants died after 28 days of hygromycin selection. In contrast, the modified transformation showed a shoot elongation rate of up to 67.5% and a transformation efficiency of 17.5% under 30-minute infection and 200 µM acetosyringone treatment. A total of 10–13 putative transgenic plantlets (T0 generation) were PCR-positive for the Cry1Ab-1Ac gene. Phenotypic observations showed no noticeable morphological differences between the transformed plants and controls in both vegetative and generative stages. The T1 seeds were successfully obtained one from 'Grobogan' and 36 from 'Wilis'. |
| URI: | http://repository.ipb.ac.id/handle/123456789/166971 |
| Appears in Collections: | MT - Agriculture |
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| cover_A2503222054_62fa9e9bb3114a67aa7b27cbbe9bf6d6.pdf | Cover | 1.15 MB | Adobe PDF | View/Open |
| fulltext_A2503222054_b0993fe26abd4dbaa3a11deaa5c12b64.pdf Restricted Access | Fulltext | 2.13 MB | Adobe PDF | View/Open |
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